A New Testamant chapter 1 Flashcards
Apocrypha
books found in the Septuagint but not in the Hebrew bible. These books were never accepted as canonical by the Jewish community.
Apostles
recognized as authorities in the church. The 14 sent by Christ
Athanasius
Fourth-century bishop of Alexandria. One of the most powerful opponents of the theological position known as Arianism.
Canon
A group of authoritative writings. (the bible)
Constantine
Roman emperor. First granted toleration to the church and began to favor it because he thought the God of the church granted him the ability to take control of the empire
Council of Trent
Anti-Reformation Council. Rejected many reformation doctrines and included the first official declaration about which books in the bible were canonical
Dead Sea Scrolls
The manuscripts found in the caves around the Qumran compounded at the northwestern end of the dead sea. Provide some of the earliest evidence for text of the Hebrew bible
Exile
When the nation of Judah suffered defeat at the hands of the Babylonians and the Babylonians forced Judah people to move to Babylon
Gnostic Christians
Believed that Jesus could not become a man because men are people of God (who is evil)
Hebrew Bible
Old Testament, but in different orders.
Huldah
Woman recognized as a prophet who confirmed that the book found in he temple by workers during Josiah’s reform was Gods word
Jerome
Biblical scholar who translated Bible into latin. His translation (called the Vulgate) becomes standard translation for centuries
Josephus
Jewish writer who was a general in the revolt of 66-70. After his capture he becomes the historian for Roman general Vespasian.
Judah
The name of the southern kingdom who capital was Jerusalem. When Israelites divided into two nations the other was called Israel
Marcion
Asia minor who went to Rome and tried to gain a position of leadership in the church. Argued the bible came from different god than the God seen in Jesus (Jesus could not be a man)
Muratorian Canon
canonical writings set down in the late second century
New Testament
The collection of 27 writings that the church added to the Hebrew Scriptures to complete their canon. Development: 1.) Crises of Destruction of Jerusalem. 2.) Perceived need for tighter boundaries. 3.) Proliferation of Sectaricism and New scripture. 4.) Marcon’s Canon and the proto-orthodox Response.
Old Testament
Hebrew Bible
Pentateuch
First five books of the bible (The torah)
Second Temple Judaism
The various forms of religious expression practiced by jews in their worships of the God of Abraham. Started at the return of the Babylon exile and ended with destruction of the temple by the Romans
Septuagint
The Greed translation of the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament)
Torah
The first five books of the bible
Vulgate
The Latin translation of the whole bible completed by Jerome.
New Testament formation in Early Christian Writings
- ) Pauls letters
2. ) Collection of four gospels
Accepted books among the proto-orthodox
- ) Four Gospels
- ) Acts
- ) Paul
Pro-Orthodox
Jesus was a man, and also god. God is 3 in one.
Development of OT Canon
- )Destruction of Jerusalem
- ) Need for tighter boundries
- ) Proliferation of Sectarianism and New Scripture
- ) Septuagint–translation into greek (the bible)
- ) Tanakh–abbreviation of the laws
Development of the NT Canon
- ) destruction of jerusalm
- ) Perceived need for tighter boundaries
- ) Need for new scripture
- ) Marcion’s Canon and pro-orthodox Response
Jerome vs Martin Luther
Jerome kept all 27 books of the New Testament when he translated it to Latin. Martin wanted the Apocrypha out
