[pleural effusion] Flashcards
transudate
exudate
transudate
exudate
> 35g/L protein
pus in the pleural space
blood in the pleural space
air in the pleural space
lymph + fat in the pleural space
haemopneumothorax
trans - across (from blood = low protein)
Ex - extra protein - excreted from infection
increased venous pressure
hypoalbuminaemia
hypothyroidism
Meig’s syndrome
right pleural effusion
ovarian fibroma
ascites
(transdiaphragmatic lymphatic channels are larger in diameter on the right = effusion on right)
increased permeability of pleural capillaries due to infection/malignancy
malignancy (carcinoma/metastases)
infection (TB/pneumonia)
pulmonary infarction
systemic inflammatory disorders (SLE/RA)
> 35g/L protein
pus in the pleural space
blood in the pleural space
air in the pleural space
lymph + fat in the pleural space
haemopneumothorax
trans - across (from blood = low protein)
Ex - extra protein - excreted from infection
increased venous pressure
hypoalbuminaemia
hypothyroidism
Meig’s syndrome
right pleural effusion
ovarian fibroma
ascites
(transdiaphragmatic lymphatic channels are larger in diameter on the right = effusion on right)
increased permeability of pleural capillaries due to infection/malignancy
malignancy (carcinoma/metastases)
infection (TB/pneumonia)
pulmonary infarction
systemic inflammatory disorders (SLE/RA)
malignancy (carcinoma/metastases)
infection (TB/pneumonia)
pulmonary infarction
systemic inflammatory disorders (SLE/RA)
Pleuritic chest pain
dyspnoea
tension pneumothorax
stony dull percussion
diminished breath sounds
tracheal deviation away (in large effusions)
bronchial breathing ABOVE the effusion
expiration phase as long or longer than inspiration
harsh blowing quality
high pitched sounds not filtered out
expiration phase as long or longer than inspiration
harsh blowing quality
high pitched sounds not filtered out
compression of lung
effusion has a meniscus
CXR
blunting of costophrenic angles
pleural effusion + pneumothorax
effusion has the appearance of a meniscus (actually lung pushing fluid up side)
pleural effusion + pneumothorax
lung no long pushing fluid up side = no meniscus look
pleural effusion + pneumothorax
lung no long pushing fluid up side = no meniscus look
diagnostic aspiration
1-2 intercostal spaces below effusion - percuss - 21 gauge
Pareital pleura biopsy
clear
straw coloured
turbid
yellow
trauma
malignancy
pulmonary infarction
trauma
malignancy
pulmonary infarction
SLE
RA
mesothelioma
pulmonary infarction
pulmonary infarction
malignancy sarcoidosis TB RA SLE
pulmonary embolism
oesophageal rupture
pancreatitis
bacterial pneumonia
carcinoma
RA
SLE
empyema malignancy TB RA SLE
empyema malignancy TB RA SLE
chest drainage
US supervision - safe triangle - not where pneumothorax goes
4-6th
anterior to mid clavicular line
lymph + fat in the pleural space aka chyle
4-6th
anterior to mid clavicular line
pleurodesis (artificial destruction of pleural space - sticks the 2 pleural layers together)
pleurodesis (artificial destruction of pleural space - sticks the 2 pleural layers together)
pleural protein: serum protein
if ratio >0.5 effusion is exudate