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RESPIRATORY > [COPD] > Flashcards

[COPD] Flashcards

1
Q
A

80

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2
Q
A

0.7

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3
Q
A

the % of FVC which is expired in 1 second at maximum expiration

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4
Q
A

>=0.8

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5
Q
A

Reduced due to reduced air escaping

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6
Q
A

Normal (or increased)

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7
Q
A

in restrictive there is an equal reduction of FVC and FEV1 due to lung pathology. Sometimes the FEV1 may even be raised due to decreased compliance.

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8
Q
A

cough + sputum production for most days for 3 months of 2 consecutive years

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9
Q
A

cough + sputum production for most days for 3 months of 2 consecutive years

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10
Q
A

enlarged air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles + destruction of alveolar walls

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11
Q
A

enlarged air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles + destruction of alveolar walls

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12
Q
A

Pink puffer Blue bloater

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13
Q
A

increased

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14
Q
A

decreased

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15
Q
A

Pink puffer

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16
Q
A

Blue bloater

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17
Q
A

high

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18
Q
A

low

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19
Q
A

normal or low

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20
Q
A

near normal

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21
Q
A

the hypoxic drive

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22
Q
A

CO2 (relatively)

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23
Q
A

Type 1 respiratory failure

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24
Q
A

cor pulmonale

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25
Q
A

deprives them of their hypoxic drive leading to extreme hypercapnia

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26
Q
A

deprives them of their hypoxic drive leading to extreme hypercapnia/acid base imbalance

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27
Q
A

cough sputum wheeze dyspnoea (SOB)

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28
Q
A

accessory muscles

Tachypnoea

hyperinflation (cricosternal distance<3cm)

resonant/hyperresonant

cor pulmonale

29
Q
A

accessory muscles Tachypnoea hyperinflation (cricosternal distance

30
Q
A

polycythaemia Cor pulmonale pneumothorax

31
Q
A

ruptured bullae (thin walled sac of air)

32
Q
A

increased EPO due to 2ry hypoxia

33
Q
A

right heart failure

34
Q
A

chronic pulmonary arterial hypertension

35
Q
A

enlarged

36
Q
A

flat hemidiaphragms >6 anterior ribs seen above diaphragm in mid-clavicular line (assess adequacy of inspiration)

37
Q
A

normal inflation - anterior end of 7th rib above diaphragm (less than 6 = impaired expansion; >7 suggest hyperinflation)

38
Q
A

cor pulmonale

39
Q
A

FEV1 <80% of predicted

FEV1:FVC <70% (0.7)

40
Q

[COPD]: What is the cause of ‘barrel chest’ (large front to back diameter)

A

Hyperinflation

41
Q
A

increased TLC

42
Q
A

diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide

43
Q
A

emphysema

44
Q
A

the extent to which O2 diffuse from the alveoli in to the RBCs

45
Q
A

polycythaemia

46
Q
A

smoking cessation

exercise

47
Q
A

if PaO2 is <7.3kPa

48
Q

[COPD]: Tx: what is 1st line drug Tx for with COPD less severe than ‘mild’ severity (2)

A

Salbutumol

OR

Ipatropium (short acting)

(as needed)

49
Q

[COPD]: Tx: what is 1st line Tx for ‘mild/moderate’ COPD (2)

A

Tiotropium (long acting)

or

Salbutumol

50
Q
A

Salbutumol

+

corticosteroid

(i.e. symbicort)

OR

Tiotropium

51
Q
A

Tiotropium

+

salbutumol

+

corticosteroid

52
Q
A

budesonide

+

Formoterol

(long acting)

53
Q
A

Symptomatic after adminstration of ‘severe’ stage drugs

54
Q
A

M3 antimuscarinic - long acting smooth muscle relaxation

55
Q
A

short acting B2 adrenergic agonist causing smooth muscle relaxation

56
Q

[COPD]: Dx: define Stage 1 ‘general’ COPD

A

FEV1 >=80%

57
Q

[COPD]: Dx: define stage 2 ‘mild/moderate’ COPD

A

FEV1 50-79% of predicted

58
Q

[COPD]: Dx: define stage 3 ‘severe’ COPD

A

FEV1 30-49% of predicted

59
Q
A

2 week trial of prednisolone

FEV1 rises by >15%

long-term steroid may be helpful

60
Q
A

<7.3 kPa

61
Q
A

pulmonary hypertension (loud s2/LVH)

Polycythaemia

peripheral oedema

nocturnal hypoxia

62
Q
A

low PA02

hypercapnic

63
Q
A

recurrent pneumothoraces

isolated bullae

64
Q
A

air filled sac

one way valve

(compressive effects)

65
Q
A

emphysema

(damagaged alveoli walls + reduced blood flow)

66
Q
A

chronic bronchitis

(increased mucus production = obstructed airways = reduced ventilation)

67
Q
A

reduces water surface tension

increased lung compliance

68
Q

[COPD]: Dx: define stage 4 ‘very severe’ COPD

A

FEV1 <30% of predicted

69
Q
A

>3

RESPIRATORY (20 decks)

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