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RESPIRATORY > [asthma] > Flashcards

[asthma] Flashcards

1
Q
A

asthma is reversible (reccurent episodes)

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2
Q
A

bronchial muscle contraction
mucosal swelling
increased mucus production

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3
Q
A

mast cell + basophil degranulation

release of inflammatory mediators

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4
Q
A

cough
wheeze
sputum production (yellow - eosinophils)
dyspnoea

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5
Q
A

cold air

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6
Q
A 
pollution/smoking
allergens
NSAIDs
B-blockers
emotion
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7
Q
A

NSAIDs

B-blockers

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8
Q
A

morning

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9
Q
A

house dust mites
fur
pollen

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10
Q
A

Acid reflux

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11
Q
A

better at weekends

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12
Q
A

widespread polyphonic wheeze

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13
Q
A

tachypnoea
wheeze
hyperinflated chest
hyperresonance

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14
Q
A 
COPD
Pulmonary oedema
bronchiectasis
obliterative bronchiolitis
airway obstruction
pneumothorax
PE
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15
Q
A

adult onset asthma
eosinophilia
vasculitis

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16
Q
A

Lungs
heart
Nerves
skin

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17
Q
A

eczema
hayfever
allergies

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18
Q
A

normal or slightly reduced PaO2

Reduced PaCO2

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19
Q
A

hyperventilation

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20
Q
A

Raised PaCO2

ITU transfer

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21
Q
A

loss of respiratory drive

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22
Q
A

allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

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23
Q
A

Aspergillus Fumigatus fungi causes allergic reaction –> bronchocontriction –> permanent damage

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24
Q
A

transfer to ICU for ventilatory support

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25
Q
A

polyarteritis nodosa

Churg-Strauss

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26
Q
A

Skin prick tests

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27
Q
A

affected nights per week

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28
Q
A

peak flow

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29
Q
A

2 x per day

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30
Q
A

5

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31
Q

[asthma]: chronic Mx: what drug may be used at any time as a ‘rescue’ drug regardless of the step that you are on?

A

prednisolone

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32
Q
A

short acting B2 agonist (salbutumol)

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33
Q
A

night time symptoms

more than once daily

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34
Q
A

Inhaled corticosteroid (beclometasone)

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35
Q
A

Long acting B2 agonist (salmeterol)

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36
Q
A

High dose corticosteroids (beclometasone)
+
Aminophylline (theophylline)
+
leukotriene receptor antagonist (-lukast)

37
Q
A

prednisolone

38
Q
A

refer to asthma clinic

39
Q
A

Inhaled corticosteroid (beclometasone 800ug max)

40
Q
A

High dose corticosteroids (beclometasone 2000ug max)
+
Aminophylline (theophylline)
+
leukotriene receptor antagonist (-lukast)

41
Q
A

prednisolone (1/day)

42
Q
A

Stop smoking

avoid allergens

43
Q
A

check their inhaler technique

44
Q
A 
Short
Low
Long
High +++
Prednisolone
45
Q
A

tremor
tachyarrythmias
anxiety
hypokalaemia

46
Q
A

smooth muscle

47
Q
A

minimise systemic effects

49
Q
A

reduce mucosal inflammation

50
Q
A

prevent oral candiasis

51
Q
A

phosphodiesterase inhibiter causing smooth reduced bronchocontriction

52
Q
A

ECG - arrhythmias

53
Q
A

antagonise CystLT1 receptor in airways

reduce bronchoconstriction/mucus secretion

54
Q
A

Anti-IgE mAb

55
Q
A

Anti-IgE mAb

56
Q
A

tachycardia (>110)
RR >25
unable to complete sentences
PEF 33-50% of best

57
Q
A

Silent chest (very poor air movement)
Bradycardia
PEF

58
Q
A 
Salbutamol 5mg nebulised with O2
\+
prednisolone 30mg PO
\+
O2 if
59
Q
60
Q
61
Q
A

every 15 mins

62
Q
A

Magnesium sulfate 1.2 - 2 g IV over 20 mins

Ipatropium 0.5mg added to nebuliser

63
Q
A

every 4 hours

64
Q
A

OD for 7 days

65
Q
A

if sats are less than 92 %

66
Q
A

> 75% of predicted

67
Q
A

75% predicted

diurnal variation

68
Q
A 
Short
Low
Long
High +theo +-lukast
Prednisolone
69
Q
A

Anti-IgE mAb (omalizumab)

70
Q
A

inability to complete sentences

PEF 33-50% of predicted

71
Q
A

silent chest
cyanosed
exhaustion
confused

72
Q
A

silent chest
cyanosed
exhaustion
confused

73
Q
A

patient hyperventilating

repeat later

74
Q
A

patient hyperventilating

repeat later

75
Q
A

PEF shows a diurnal variation of >20% for >=3 days for 2 weeks

76
Q
A

obstructive

77
Q
78
Q
A 
silent chest
cyanosed
exhaustion 
confused
PEF
79
Q
A

increase (obstructive disease)

80
Q
A 
silent chest
cyanosed
exhaustion 
confused
PEF
81
Q
A

increase (obstructive disease)

82
Q
A

respiratory muscle fatigue

84
Q
A

it should be low - normal levels/rising indicate respiratory muscle fatigue

85
Q
A

cromoglicate

86
Q
A

narrow therapeutic range - toxicity

87
Q
A

Cimetidine
ciprofloxacin
erythromycin
contraceptive drugs

88
Q
A 
phenytoin
smoking
carbamazepine
barbituates
rifampicin

RESPIRATORY (20 decks)

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