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Adult Echocardiography 1 > PLAX 2D Anatomy and Protocol > Flashcards

PLAX 2D Anatomy and Protocol Flashcards

1
Q

PLAX sides of screen

A

anterior
inferolateral (Lt hip), superomedial (Rt shoulder)
posterior

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2
Q

PLAX arm position is LLD

A

drop right shoulder back to open up intercostal spaces

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3
Q

PLAX marker pointed towards

A

patients rt shoulder

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4
Q

PLAX 2D increased depth should have depth/focus where

A

15-25 cm
heart should take up about 1/2 the depth

focus=mid

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5
Q

what are you looking for on PLAX 2D increased depth

A

pericardial/pleural effusions
pericardial mass

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6
Q

PLAX 2D depth

A

just behind DA

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7
Q

PLAX 2D should have what structures clear

A

LV/RV endocardium, LA, MV, AV, AO, aortic sinus

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8
Q

LV walls should be _____ in PLAX 2D

A

perpendicular

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9
Q

PLAX 2D end-systolic measurement taken when

A

end of T wave
just after AV closes and LV chamber is smallest

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10
Q

PLAX 2D Mmts (ED)

A

IVSd
LVIDd
LVPWd (post wall)

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11
Q

normal IVSd/LVPWd

A

men: ≤10mm
women: ≤9mm

total ≤11mm

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12
Q

Normal LVIDd

A

men: ≤58mm
women: ≤52mm

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13
Q

PLAX 2D Mmts (ES)

A

LVIDs
LAs

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14
Q

normal LAs

A

men: ≤40mm
women: ≤38mm

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15
Q

to see more of asc aorta in PLAX 2D, we must ___

A

slide superiorly, tilt medially

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16
Q

aortic root anatomy Mmts

A

aortic annulus
sinus of Valsalva
Sino-tubular junction
Ascending aorta

(we only do 2/4)

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17
Q

when do we switch from inner to inner to LE-LE for aortic Mmts

A

after the AV

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18
Q

PLAX Asc Ao is measure ___ from ___ and is taken during

A

2cm
ST junction
end-diastole

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19
Q

PLAX sinus of Valsalva measure during

A

end-diastole

20
Q

normal asc ao

A

≤3.4cm

21
Q

normal S of V

A

≤3.7cm

22
Q

PLAX 2D AV Zoom should include

A

LVOT
both AV cusps (during S+D)
some ao
some LA

23
Q

PLAX LVOT measured during and where

A

mid-systole (after AV opens fully)

just before AV annulus

24
Q

PLAX LVOT usually needs us to ____

A

decrease gains

25
Q

Normal LVOT

A

18-22mm (avg.=20mm)

26
Q

PLAX 2D MV zoom image should show

A

Both MV leaflet tips
most of LA
part of basal IVS

27
Q

From PLAX, angle _____ to get to RT inflow (TV) View

A

towards right hip

28
Q

if struggling to get RT Inflow (TV) View what should you do

A

slide laterally (or go one rib space lower), then angle medially

29
Q

From PLAX, angle _____ to get to PV View (RVOT)

A

towards patients LT shoulder

30
Q

what way should you slide in PV View (RVOT) if too much long present

A

medially

31
Q

PV (RVOT) view focus is the

A

PV or MPA

32
Q

PLAX Mmts tell us about _____ and shape of the ___

A

LV systolic function
LV

33
Q

fractional shortening (what/equation)

A

linear calculation that gives info about the systolic function of the heart

FS= )(LVIDd -LVIDs)/LVIDd)x100

34
Q

Ejection fraction - linear

A

measurement used to asses systolic function by calculating the % of blood exiting the heart with each contraction

35
Q

EF is reasonably accurate if there are no ____/___

A

wall abnormalities
callipers properly placed

36
Q

assumptions of EF estimation (3)

A
  1. ventricle is a prolapse ellipse shape
  2. long axis is twice the short axis
  3. symmetric contracility
37
Q

normal Teichholz EF

A

≥ 55%

38
Q

Linear EF formula

A

same as fractional shortening but each value is cubed and mm becomes cm

(LVIDd-LVIDs)/LVIDd x 100 (but cube each measurement)

39
Q

LV mass formula

A

epicardial volume - endocardial volume = myocardial volume

40
Q

LV mass index formula and normal values

A

LV mass/BSA

men ≤ 115g/m^2
women ≤ 95g/m^2

41
Q

relative wall thickness formula and normal

A

RWT = (2 x LVPWd)/LVIDd

0.22-0.42

42
Q

natural geometry

A

normal LV mass index and RWT

43
Q

concentric remodelling

A

normal LV mass index but increased RWT

44
Q

concentric hypertrophy

A

increased LV mass index and RWT

45
Q

eccentric geometry

A

increased LV mass index and normal RWT

Adult Echocardiography 1 (8 decks)

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