A4C 2D Protocol Flashcards
apical window may be anywhere from the _______ line to the _______ line (___/___ intercostal space)
anterior axillary
posterior axillary
4/5
PMI
point of maximal impulse
(feeling to find heart apex; never actually used)
apical probe points where on clock
2-3:00
if you are too medial the ____ will be sliced off; this is called ______
apex
foreshortening
what else do we enter for sait echo protocol for patient info
height/weight
biplane measurements means
from 2 different planes of imaging
2 biplane measurements in apical views
LA volume
Simpson’s EF (LV) (ejection fraction)
what is the method of disks
disks places throughout traced volumes at 5mm intervals
LA volume measurement is taken during (heart cycle)
end-systole (LA is the largest)
what two planes is LA volume taken in
A4C and A2C
LAVI
LA volume index
volume divided by patients’ BSA
avg LA volume calculation
Avg LA Vol = (A4C LA Vol + A2C LA Vol)/2
LAVI calculation
LA vol/BSA
LA trace from ____ side of MV ____ and around to the ____
medial
annulus
lateral
(LA trace)
align the vertical axis from the _____ of the MV annular diameter to the middle of the _____ of the LA
middle
roof
length of LA must be close in A4C and A2C; within ____ mm
5
LA volume index normal, mildly abnormal, moderately abnormal, and severely abnormal
less than or equal to 34
35-41
42-48
more than or equal to 48
Trace LV when for Simpson’s EF and what views
at end-diastole and again at end systole in A4C and A2C
is the pap muscle included in LV volume
yes
Simpson’s EF normal for male and female
M 52-72
F 54-74
Simpson’s EF severe
less than 30
LV EDV (M/F)
M ≤ 128
F ≤ 91
LV ESV (M/F)
M ≤ 51
F ≤ 35
in A4C 2D, if you see AV you are angled too ____
anteriorly
