Apical Doppler: Part I

Question 1

diastolic function assesses how well the heart ____ and ___

Answer 1

rests
fills

Question 2

3 phases of diastole

Answer 2

early filling
diastasis
atrial kick

Question 3

TDI

Answer 3

tissue doppler imaging

Question 4

5 things assessed with doppler for apical MV inflow

Answer 4

E wave
A wave
E/A ratio
deceleration time (DT)
IVRT

Question 5

3 things assessed with doppler for apical PV

Answer 5

S wave
D wave

Question 6

2 things assessed with doppler for apical MV annulus TDI

Answer 6

e prime (e’)
E/e’ ratio

Question 7

2 other measurements we can use for diastolic assessment

Answer 7

LA volume index
TR max velocity

Question 8

A4C MV colour column of blood entering LV is ____ with ___ between leaflet tips

Answer 8

red
yellow

Question 9

A4C MV colour inflow jets angles slightly ______

Answer 9

laterally to anterolateral wall

Question 10

for A4C MV colour you will put the sample volume _____

Answer 10

a bit lateral as thats where the inflow jet goes

Question 11

pulsed wave of the MV inflow sample volume is placed where

Answer 11

at the tips of the MV when open, in the middle of the red column of blood (may be slightly laterally)

Question 12

pulsed wave of the MV inflow has baseline set where

Answer 12

1/4-1/3 from bottom

Question 13

what do we measure on the A4C MV PW

Answer 13

E
A
decel time

Question 14

normal E:

Answer 14

0.6-1.3m/s

Question 15

normal E/A:

Answer 15

0.8-2.0

Question 16

normal DT:

Answer 16

160-220ms

Question 17

___ after T, ___ after P (using the two measurements for A4C MV PW) (T and P in ECG)

Answer 17

E
A

Question 18

early filling is the ____ wave and has ____% filling (A4C MV PW)

Answer 18

E
70

Question 19

late filling is the __ wave, and has ____% filling (A4C MV PW)

Answer 19

30

Question 20

height of E wave is influenced by:

Answer 20

amount of blood entering the LV

Question 21

MV inflow is _____ dependent (increased _____ = increased velocities)

Answer 21

volume
volume

Question 22

what is diastasis on the A4C MV PW

Answer 22

gap between end of E wave and start of A wave
very little to no flow seen on spectral

Question 23

late filling is the ___ wave, and is the result of atrial ____. It is normally _____ than the E wave

Answer 23

A
contraction
smaller

Question 24

E/A reversal can be normal in _____ patients. Many fit young people have E/A ratios _____ which is normal

Answer 24

older
>2.0

Question 25

normal E/S ratio reverses near the ____ decade of life

Answer 25

6th

Question 26

does A (late filling) have a specified normal

Answer 26

no

Question 27

IVRT is the time between (LV pressure is _____)

Answer 27

AV closure and MV opening falling

Question 28

IVRT SV placed betwwen ___ and ____ and the normal is _____

Answer 28

LV outlfow MV inflow 50-100ms

Question 29

why do we use CW instead of PW

Answer 29

super high velocities in the cases of stenosis/regurg

Question 30

in mitral stenosis the MV opening is _____ = blow flow velocity ____

Answer 30

smaller increases

Question 31

do we ue CW or PW with mitral inflwo with MS

Answer 31

CW due to high velocities

Question 32

CW of MR lasts throughout ____ and _____. it travels near _____

Answer 32

systole both isovolumic periods 5-7m/s

Question 33

Colour of MV assesses _____ flow for MS, and assesses ____ flow MR

Answer 33

diastolic systolic

Question 34

as the LV expands in diastole it lengthens from ____ to ____

Answer 34

base apex

Question 35

For our MV TDI we look at the _______ changes of the LV

Answer 35

longitudinal

Question 36

4 ways LV changes it shape

Answer 36

radially circumferentially longitudinally torsion

Question 37

What does TDI measure

Answer 37

how quickly the tissue moves (how fast the LV expands or contracts

Question 38

A4C MV TDI medial where do you place caliper and what does it measure

Answer 38

e' right after systole (early filling) on ECG but measure on spectral trace

Question 39

normal TDI medial e' =

Answer 39

≥ 7cm/sec

Question 40

normal TDI lateral e' =

Answer 40

≥ 10cm/sec

Question 41

E/e' ratio normal

Answer 41

≤ 14

Question 42

which wall of MV annulus has more freedom of movement and why

Answer 42

lateral as it is not attached to right side of heart

Question 43

E/e' ratio is the ________ divided the average _____

Answer 43

MV PW peak E TDI e'

Question 44

pulmonary veins fill the LA during (3)

Answer 44

ventricular systole early diastole diastasis

Question 45

flow is ____ in the pulmonary veins during atrial systole

Answer 45

reversed

Question 46

we use PW in ____ PV normally

Answer 46

right upper (RUPV)

Question 47

for PV vein colour you want to _____ scale and ______ colour gain

Answer 47

decrease increase

Question 48

A4C RUPV PW 2 measurements

Answer 48

S wave (systole) D wave (diastole)

Question 49

systolic wave is normally ____ than D wave velocity

Answer 49

greater

Question 50

A wave reversal

Answer 50

blood temporarily flows back into the PV from the LA due to lack of a valve caused by atrial contraction

Question 51

pulmonary vein flow is ______. Where one wave ends, the other ____

Answer 51

continuous begins

Question 52

MV inflow E point normal

Answer 52

0.6-1.3m/s

Question 53

E/A ratio normal

Answer 53

0.8-2.0

Question 54

IVRT normal

Answer 54

50-100 ms

Question 55

e' medial normal

Answer 55

≥ 7cm/s

Question 56

e' lateral normal

Answer 56

≥ 10 cm/s

Question 57

E/e' ratio normal

Answer 57

≤ 14