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Adult Echocardiography 1 > ECG and Common Arrhythmias > Flashcards

ECG and Common Arrhythmias Flashcards

1
Q

12 lead ECG (# of electrodes and leads)

A

10 electrodes
12 leads

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2
Q

what does the PR interval mean

A

atrial depolarization

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3
Q

what does the PR segment mean

A

atrial contraction

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4
Q

normal PRV interval (ms)

A

< 200ms

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5
Q

QRS complex normal (ms)

A

<100ms

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6
Q

5 step method to determining arrhythmias

A
  1. HR: normal 50-100 bpm
  2. Rhythm: ir/regular
  3. P waves: uniform? one per QRS
  4. PR interval: normal <200ms
  5. QRS complex: normal <100ms

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7
Q

if we not an arrhythmia while scanning a _______ image should be taken

A

still

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8
Q

when taking doppler measurements on a patient with an arrhythmia, you should take an average of _____ beats

A

3-5

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9
Q

NSR

A

normal sinus rhythm
impulse travels through a normal conduction pathway through the heart at a normal rate

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10
Q

Sinus bradycardia numbers

A

<50bpm

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11
Q

sinus tachycardia numbers

A

> 100bpm

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12
Q

sinus arrhythmias (2)

A

Sinus bradycardia
sinus tachycardia

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13
Q

two types of heart blocks

A

bundle branch blocks
Av blocks

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14
Q

AV block types (3)

A
  1. 1st degree
  2. 2nd degree (type I, type II)
  3. 3rd degreee
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15
Q

what is a bundle branch block (what, result, changes ECG)

A

refers to a signal slowing up or being blocked at either the right or left bundle branch= impulse cant go further and has to be stimulated by other ventricle = wider QRS complex (>120ms)

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16
Q

RBBB (what, appearance)

A

right branch bundle block

rabbit ear appearance

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17
Q

LBBB (what, appearance)

A

left branch bundle branch

wide QRS with broad notched R wave

18
Q

what is an AV block

A

a disturbance in the conduction at the AV node level

19
Q

1st degree AV block

A

prolonged PR interval (>200ms)
one P wave before QRS

20
Q

2nd degree AV block Mobitz I (what, AKA)

A

AKA Wenckebach

gradually lengthening PR interval until there is a dropped QRS complex

21
Q

2nd degree AVB Mobitz II

A

normal PR interval
has a P wave with no QRS following (signal blocked after atria contract=no ventricular contraction)

22
Q

if the R is far from the P then you have a _____ (AVB)

A

1st degree

22
Q

3rd degree AVB (what, AKA, results in)

A

AKA AV dissociation

no association between P waves and QRS complexes
(ventricles making own beating rate)

results in pacemaker

23
Q

longer, longer, longer drop then you have a ______ (AVB)

A

Wenckebach (2nd degree Mobitz I)

24
Q

if some Ps don’t get through then you have a _____ (AVB)

A

Mobitz II

25
Q

if Ps and Qs don’t agree then you have a ______ (AVB)

A

3rd degree

26
Q

3 types of atrial arrhythmias

A

premature atrial contractions
atrial flutter
atrial fibrillation

27
Q

PAC (stands for,what, result of)

A

premature atrial contractions

when atrial muscle tissue produces its own impulse leading to atrial contraction followed by ventricular contraction (early beat then compensatory pause)

result of too many catecholamines (stress, hormones, caffeine)

28
Q

atrial flutter (what, AV reacts by, ECG)

A

abnormal atrial pacemakers set firing rate very high, up tp 300bpm

AV node cant handle, only lets some impulse through

many atrial beats for every ventricular signal (saw tooth)

29
Q

atrial fibrillation (what, associated with, ECG)

A

atria quiver rather than contract
many ectopic atrial electrical signals competing to pace the heart = irregular rhythm

associated with: atrial enlargement, patients lose atrial kick (30% of filling)

no detectable p waves, smaller waves than A-flutter, irregular R-R intervals)

30
Q

3 types of ventricular arrhythmias

A

premature ventricular contractions
ventricular tachycardia
ventricular fibrillation

31
Q

PVC (stands for, what/ECG, causes)

A

premature ventricular contractions

QRS early= no P wave before and usually higher voltage/compensatory pause

causes: catecholamines, blocked artery causing zone of ischemia

32
Q

when do PVCs become a significant finding

A

when there are multiples (2/3/4… in a row)

33
Q

Multifocal PVCs

A

impulses originate from more than one site within the ventricles (12-lead finding)

34
Q

VT

A

ventricular tachycardia

rapid but coordinated, re-entry loop through ventricles only= no P wave

can be due to MI

sustained VT= medical emergency

35
Q

VF

A

ventricular fibrillation

rapid, incoordinate motion, ventricles quiver (not beat)

extremely emergent situation

36
Q

SVT (stand for, 3 identifying factors)

A

supraventricular tachycardia

HR > 150bpm
P waves hidden
narrow QRS complex

37
Q

ST segment depression indicates

A

myocardial ischemia (not emergent)

38
Q

ST segment elevation indicates

A

MI (or recently had one)

39
Q

we compare the level of the ST segment with the ____

A

PR segment

Adult Echocardiography 1 (6 decks)

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