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Adult Echocardiography 1 > Advanced Cardiac Anatomy and Echo Windows > Flashcards

Advanced Cardiac Anatomy and Echo Windows Flashcards

1
Q

interventricular sulcus

A

between the two ventricles

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2
Q

atrioventricular sulcus

A

between the atria and ventricles

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3
Q

IV sulcus follows the path of the ___________ and if horiz/vert (on US)

A

interventricular septum
verticle

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4
Q

AV sulcus follows the path between both __________ and if horiz/vert (on US)

A

ventricles and atria
horizontal

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5
Q

where the IV and AV sulcus meet is called the

A

crux (cross)

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6
Q

crux

A

where the IV and AV sulcus meet

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7
Q

heart sulci contain

A

vessels and epicardial fat

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8
Q

IV sulcus anteriorly and posteriorly contains

A

ant: LAD/Great Cardiac Vein
post: PDA/Middle Cardiac Vein

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9
Q

AV sulcus anteriorly and posteriorly contains

A

ant: CX/RCA
post: coronary sinus/PDA

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10
Q

coronary sinus is the

A

final stop collecting all blood from venous heart (drains into RA)

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11
Q

PDA branches off of

A

RCA

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12
Q

left main coronary artery branches

A

LAD
CX

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13
Q

RCa travels ___ along the ___ sulcus towards the ____ heart

A

rightward
AV
posterior

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14
Q

______% of the PDA comes from the RCA and travels in the ______ sulcus

A

70-80
posterior IV

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15
Q

LMCA length

A

few mm to 1.5cm

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16
Q

Right heart O2 saturation percentage

A

75

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17
Q

left heart O2 saturation percentage

A

98

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18
Q

coronary sinus O2 saturation percentage

A

50

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19
Q

all cardiac veins drain into the _____

A

coronary sinus

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20
Q

cardiac vein names (3)

A

great, middle, small

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21
Q

right atrial appendage shape

A

snoopy ear

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22
Q

which heart chamber is shaped like a crescent

A

right ventricle

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23
Q

right ventricle wall thickness

A

less than or equal to 5mm

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24
Q

RV inflow is at a ___ degree angle compared to RV outlfow

A

45

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25
Q

why is LV round in short axis

A

higher pressure (IVS bulges to right)

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26
Q

what is only found in the RV

A

moderator band

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27
Q

where is moderator band found

A

RV

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28
Q

infundibulum

A

smooth muscle ridge between RVOT and LVOT (by aortic valve)

29
Q

main pulmonary artery bifurcation lies above the roof of the __

30
Q

left pulmonary artery (LPA) arches ___ (___/___) towards the _____

A

backward
laterally/posteriorly
left lung

31
Q

right pulmonary artery (RPA) travels behind the _____ and ___ to the _____

A

ascending aorta
SVC
right lung

32
Q

LA appendage shaped like

A

piglet ear

33
Q

LV walls measure

A

6-10mm thick

34
Q

EDV of LV

35
Q

ESV of LV

36
Q

shape of LV in short axis

A

round (IVS bulges to right)

37
Q

is LV muscle trabeculated or not

38
Q

aortic valve leaflets (name, faces, origin of)

A

right coronary cusp (RCC): faces RV; origin of RCA
left coronary cusp (LCC): faces PA; origin of LMCA
non coronary cusp: faces inter-atrial septum; not associated with coronary artery

39
Q

coaptation zone

A

where AV cusps overlap slightly

40
Q

aortic sinus

A

the bulge of the aorta after cusps

41
Q

shape of AV annulus

A

crown shaped

42
Q

MV leaflets

43
Q

commissures

A

the two indentations where the anterior and posterior leaflets of the mitral valve meet at the annulus (corner of smile)

44
Q

what are the papillary muscles

A

posteromedial
anterolateral

45
Q

both pap muscles have chordae tendinae going to ____

A

each leaflet

46
Q

AML scallops of mitral valve numbered:

A

lat to med
A1/A2/A3

47
Q

AML scallops of mitral valve numbered:

A

lat to med
P1/P2/P3

48
Q

tricuspid valve leaflets name

A

anterior, posterior, septal

49
Q

TV septal leaflet faces the ____

50
Q

moderator band connects ____

A

2 of the pap muscles

51
Q

all 3 TV leaflets can be seen using the _____ or ___ but not the _____

A

TEE
3D
2D transthoracic echo

52
Q

PV abnormalities tend to be

A

congenital

53
Q

PV cusps

A

anterior
left (post)
right (post)

54
Q

PV are structurally similar to the ___

55
Q

4 basic echo windows

A

parasternal
apical
subcostal
suprasternal notch

56
Q

parasternal window sits in the ____ intercostal space and the ______ border

A

3/4
left parasternal

57
Q

PLAX points

A

to the patients right shoulder (10-11:00)

58
Q

PSAX points

A

patients left shoulder (90 degrees from long axis)

59
Q

PLAX slices through, shows, valves

A

slices through length of the heart
shows left inflow and outflow
MV and AV

60
Q

PLAX to RV inflow

A

angle beam inferiorly (towards patients right hip)

61
Q

PLAX to RV outflow

A

angle beam superiorly (towards patients left shoulder)

62
Q

PSAX slices, indicator towards, shows, valves

A

slices 90 degrees to the length of the heart (width)
indicator towards left shoulder
shows right inflow and outflow
TV, AV, and usually PV

63
Q

PSAX other levels (4)

A

MV level
LV base level
LV mid level
LV apex level

64
Q

apical 4/5 chamber indicator points to (thing/clock)

65
Q

A2C indicator points to (thing/clock)

A

patients LT axilla
1:00

66
Q

A3C/long axis indicator points to (thing/clock)

A

patients RT shoulder
11:00

67
Q

subcostal window index marker at (clock)

68
Q

SSN index marker at (clock)

Adult Echocardiography 1 (9 decks)

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