Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adult Echocardiography 1 > Cardiac Auscultation > Flashcards

Cardiac Auscultation Flashcards

1
Q

cardiac auscultation is a quick, inexpensive method to detect and tract the ____ of ______ heart disease

A

progression
valvular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

first sound (S1):
represents
composed of what sounds (which comes first)

A

represents atrioventricular valve closure
composed of M1 and T1 sounds where M1 normally precedes T1 slightly when normal conduction through bundle branches occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When may T1 precede M1 in S1

A

with left bundle branch block (LBBB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

second sound (S2) (caused by, divided into)

A

caused by semilunar valve closure
divided into A2 (normally first) and P2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

a very wide split of A2 and P2 may result from (4)

A

BBB (bundle branch block)
AV/PV stenosis
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
if one side of heart has more volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

mitral/tricuspid valve closure =

A

S1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

aortic and pulmonic valve closure =

A

S2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why do sounds of S2 separate a bit during inspiration

A

chest cavity expands = pressure decreases = more blood enters RA = higher volume of blood going from RA to RV ( takes slightly longer for PV to close than AV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S3 caused by

A

the increased volume of blood in the ventricle when the MV opens (early filling of ventricles)

not caused by valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

S3 heard when

A

normal in young, athletes, pregnancy

if not = may signify CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

S4 is a ______ heart sound

A

presystolic (very end of diastole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does S4 represent if heard

A

blood being forced into a very stiff ventricle from the atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

valvular stenosis (what, when)

A

valvular stenosis is a narrowing of the laves resulting in increased flow velocities
occurs during antegrade flow through a valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

valvular regurgitation (what, when)

A

occurs when a valve cannot coapt, or close correctly resulting in leakage (backward flow) through the valve

occurs during the timeframe the valve should normally be closed (and/or isovolumic times)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

clicks are sound usually produced during

A

valve opening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

clicks may be caused by (2)

A

valvular stenosis
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

MVP = ______ ____ murmur

A

mid-systolic click

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

MVP is what

A

mitral valve prolapse
when MV bows backward into LA during mid-systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pericardial rub (what/sounds like)

A

beating of the heart against inflamed pericardium without fluid between the layers
sounds like sandpaper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

knock (what, caused by)

A

beating of heart against hardened pericardium with fluid between the layers

pericardium is a hard shell from pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

muffled heart sounds happen in the presence of

A

pericardial effusion (fluid dampens sound)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pericarditis may also result in a split between (and what is it called)

A

S1 and S2
paradoxical splitting

24
Q

what increases sound intensity in a patient with muffled heart sounds

A

Valsalva maneuver

25
Q

murmurs are sounds produced by ____ rather than ___

A

turbulent flow
valves

26
Q

VSD

A

ventricular septal defect

27
Q

PDA

A

patent ductus arteriosus

28
Q

murmurs caused by (4)

A

turbulence
high flow rate
forward flow= stenosis
backward flow = regurgitant valves

29
Q

6 factors for assessment and description of murmurs

A

SCRIPT
site
character
radiation
intensity
pitch
timing

30
Q

site

A

location

31
Q

where is the aortic valve heard

A

RUSB right upper sternal border

32
Q

where is the tricuspid valve heard

A

left lower sternal border

33
Q

where is the pulmonic valve heard

A

LUSB

34
Q

character

A

characteristics: blowing, cres/decrescendo, soft, harsh, rumbling, etc

tend to match Doppler flow profiles

34
Q

where is the mitral valve heard

A

apex

35
Q

crescendo vs decrescendo meaning

A

increasing intensity
vs
decreasing intensity

36
Q

radiation

A

certain murmurs may be said to radiate to other areas

37
Q

aortic stenosis murmur radiates to

A

carotid arteries

38
Q

mitral regurgitation murmur radiates to

A

LT axilla

39
Q

intensity (6 grades)

A

grade 1 - difficult to hear
grade 2 - quiet
grade 3 - easy to hear
grade 4 - easy to hear + palpable thrill
grade 5 - can hear with stethoscope barely touching chest
grade 6 - can hear with stethoscope off chest

40
Q

pitch

A

high difference in pressure = high pitch
subtle difference in pressure = low pitch

41
Q

timing

A

occur during systole/diastole/both

42
Q

holo/pan

A

t=throughout

ex. holosystolic/pansystolic murmur occurs throughout systole

43
Q

continuous timing

A

occurs in systole and diastole

44
Q

AV/PV stenotic murmurs using script (s already figured out)

A

character: harsh
radiation: Ao = carotids
intensity: varies
pitch: high
timing: systolic

45
Q

AV/PV closing sound may be muted or absent when valve is _____, and the murmur may start with an opening ____

A

thickened
snap

46
Q

MV/TV stenotic murmurs using script (s already figured out)

A

character: rumbling, decrescendo
radiation: very little
Intensity: varies
Pitch: low
timing: diastolic

47
Q

AV/PV regurgitant murmurs using script (s already figured out)

A

character: blowing decrescendo
radiation: none
intensity: varies
pitch: doesn’t say?
timing: diastolic

48
Q

MV/TV regurgitant murmurs using script (s already figured out)

A

character: rumbling, decrescendo
radiation: MV -> Lt axilla
intensity: loud
pitch: low
timing: holo/pan systolic

49
Q

continuous murmurs occur when there is a ____ between an area that always maintains a ______ (and example)

A

connection
pressure gradient

PDA

50
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

shunt from desc aorta -> PA

51
Q

grade III systolic murmur, LLSB

A

tricuspid regurgitation

52
Q

grade IV holosystolic murmur, heard best as apex, radiating to axillary line

A

mitral regurgitation

53
Q

crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur, right intercostal border

A

aortic stenosis

54
Q

mid systolic click/murmur at apex

A

mitral valve prolapse

Adult Echocardiography 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions