Plasmodium Flashcards
Lifecycle
Mosquito injects sporozoites which travel to the liver
Sporozoites become trophozoites in the PV
They form schizonts which turn into merozoites
Merozoites invade RBCs and become trophozoites
Trophozoites turn into schizonts
Liver stage
Sporozoites enters liver cell and becomes a trophozoite
Some species form hypnosoites (latent cells)
The trophozoite replicates without cytokinesis to become a schizonts
Schizonts segments into merozoites and they’re released
RBC stage
Merozoites enters RBC and turns into a trophozoite
Trophozoite turns into a schizont
Schizont separates into merozoites which leave the RBC
CSP
Adhesin on sporozoite surface
Binds hepatocytes
Needs region 2 to function
TRAP
Found in micronemes
Invasin for hepatocyte
MSP1
Adhesin to RBC
Binds band3 on RBC
P vivax
DBP means it only binds Duffy+ RBCs
DBL protein
Multiple to bind different RBC surface proteins
Parasite evolves its DBL proteins to adapt to host
Dense granules
Create PTEX
allow export of proteins into RBC to modify it
How does malaria control the rate of glycolysis?
Hexokinase
What does malaria do with the hemoglobin?
Creates amino acids from the globin by breaking it down with plasmepsins, falcipains, and falcilysins (proteases)
Heme is toxic and turned into hemozoin
Cytoadherence
Sequesters RBCs to prevent clearance by splenic phagocytes
Occludes capillaries
Knobs formed by EMP1 cause rosetting (agglutination)
EMP1
Causes cytoadherence by creating knobs
Binds ICAM1 and Cd36 on endothelial cells
Only one var[ient] gene is expressed at a time (like VSGs)
Blood disorders
Beings a carrier of sickle cell, thalassemia, or hemoglobin C is protective
Impairs cytoadherence by altering EMP1 trafficking and thus knob formation
Adhesins
CSP for sporozoites (liver)
MSP for merozoites (RBC)
