Candida

Question 1

What are the 3 canidida polymorphisms?

Answer 1

• yeasty boi
• pseuodohyphae
• hyphae

Question 2

when is candida a yeast?

Answer 2

at acidic pH

Question 3

when is yeast a hyphae

Answer 3

• 37C
• alkaline pH
• in serum

Question 4

Can all polymorphisms of canidia exist at one time in one spot?

Answer 4

heck yeah

Question 5

EFG1 stands for what?

Answer 5

Essential for Filamentous Growth 1

Question 6

Why is EFG1 a virluence factor?

Answer 6

hyphae help virulence and need EFG1 to go from yeast to hyphae

Question 7

what does Hwp1 stand for?

Answer 7

Hyphal outer Wall Protein 1

Question 8

What do Hwp1 do?

Answer 8

it’s an adhesion factor to buccal epithetial cells

Question 9

How did they find Hwp1?

Answer 9

• they created antibodies that recognize hyphae but not yeast proteins
• created phage plaues that express a single candida protein
• see which plaques light up

Question 10

How does Hwp1 work?

Answer 10

it acts as a substrate for the host’s transglutaminase (TGase) to covalently bind the candida’s Lys to host Gln

Question 11

candida biofilm

Answer 11

• cells + matrix
• yeast + pseudohyphae + hyphae
• love catheters

Question 12

EAP1 stands for?

Answer 12

Enhanced Adherence to Polystyrene 1

Question 13

How did they find EAP1?

Answer 13

• put candida in polystyrene dish
• sample which ones don’t stick
• see which gene is mutated

Question 14

ALS proteins stands for what?

Answer 14

Agglutinin Like Sequence protein

Question 15

What do ALS proteins do?

Answer 15

• Adhesion family
• biofilm formation

Question 16

How did they find the ALS proteins?

Answer 16

• created library of candida cDNA (RTed DNA from mRNAs)
• added individual cDNA to Saccharomyces cells
• see which Sacc cells now stick

Question 17

Why is it important that ALS proteins are a family?

Answer 17

redundancy

Question 18

How do EFG1, ALS, HWP1, and EAP1 relate?

Answer 18

EFG1 is a regulatory transcription factor that stimulates the expression of adhesions ALS, HWP1, and EAP1

Question 19

How do hwp1- and als1/3- relate?

Answer 19

• When you add them together the one has what the other lacks and a biofilm can still be formed
• hwp1-‘s ALS1/3 binds to als1/3-‘s HWP1

Question 20

What does SAPs stand for?

Answer 20

Secreted Aspartyl Proteases

Question 21

What do SAPs do?

Answer 21

• penetrate and invade host tissue
• eliminate host defense molecules (cleave C3b to iC3b via Factor H)
  *

Question 22

How did they find SAPs?

Answer 22

• found in fluid from infection sites

Question 23

What PRRs recognize candida?

Answer 23

• Dectin-1 (beta glucan)
• TLR2 (phosphomannan)
• TLR4 (mannan)
• MR (mannose)

Question 24

What type of candidiasis do HIV+ get and why?

Answer 24

• thrush - need CD+ Th cells for mucosal defense
• Th17 produce AMPs which kill candidia

Question 25

What are the 6 candida virulence factors

Answer 25

• hyphal transition
• EFG1 - transcription factor
• ALS proteins - adhesion
• HWP1 - adhesion
• EAP1 - adhesion
• SAPs - protease

Question 26

What are the candida PAMPs and PRRs?

Answer 26

• N-linked mannan - MR
• O-linked mannan - TLR4
• beta glucan - dectin1