Fungal Disease Health Burden Flashcards
Most fungi can be controled by what?
- detection via PAMPs
- antimicrobial effectors such as lysosomal enzymes, ROS, and NOS
Pathogenic fungi can (mostly) be controlled by what?
cell mediated immunity such as Th1, TNFalpha, and IFNgamma
Risk factors for fungal disease
- natural barrier defects such as indwelling catheters, antibiotics, and chemotherapy
- immune function defects such as HIV/AIDS, neutropenia, chemo, organ transplantation, cytokine therapies (biologics)
3 fungal infection sources
- infected person or formites from them
- endogenous - from commensal flora
- exogenous - environment via spores or conidia
conidia are created when
filamentous fungi go into starvation mode and asexually reproduce
spores are created when
filamentous fungi have the sexy time
How do yeast asexually reproduce?
budding
How do yeast sexually reproduce?
Shmooing to create spores
What are 4 environmental challenges to fungi and how do they get around them?
- rare essential minerals (iron) - siderophores
- competition - antibiotics
- predators - mycotoxins
- free radicals - melanin
what are virulence factors
molecules produced by the pathogen that specifically influence their host’s function to allow the pathogen to thrive
What are the 4 critera for Koch’s postulates
- organism found in all cases of disease
- organism isolated and maintained in pure culture
- organism capable of producing original disease
- organism retrievable from inoculated animal and cultured again
What are the 3 critera for Molecular Koch’s postulates?
- gene or factor present in pathogenic but not nonpathogenic isolates
- inactivation or loss of the candidate factor leads to reduced pathogenicity
- reindroduction of the gene restores virulence
