Histoplasma Flashcards

1
Q

Is yeast or hyphae virulent?

A

yeast

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2
Q

Histo looks like TB why?

A
  • causes lung granulomas which can turn into calcified nodules
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3
Q

How do biologics do?

A

Inhibit TNFalpha to supress immune system

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4
Q

What does RYP1 stand for?

A

Required for Yeast Phase 1

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5
Q

What do RYP1 do?

A

allows 25C hyphae to turn into 37C yeast

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6
Q

How did they find RYP1?

A
  • screen for mutants unable to grow as yeast at 37C
  • OR use chemical that blocks transition to yeast
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7
Q

How does histo survive in phagolysosome?

A

somehow keeps pH neutral which prevents activation of lysosomal enzymes

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7
Q

How does histo survive in phagolysosome?

A

somehow keeps pH neutral which prevents activation of lysosomal enzymes

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8
Q

What PRRs do histo bind to?

A
  • Complement receptors
  • most important to have CD18 which is the constant region
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9
Q

How did they find histo virulence factors?

A
  • transcription microarray showed expression of each gene in a single experiment
  • query how much red, green, and yellow on plate
  • look for red and green outliers
  • yellow = housekeeping genes
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10
Q

What does CBP1 stand for?

A

Calcium Binding Protein 1

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11
Q

What do CBP1 do?

A

kill macrophage

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12
Q

Which PRR is extra important to histo?

A

CR3 because that allows histo into macrophage

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13
Q

What PRRs does histo try and hide from?

A
  • TLRs
  • Dectin1
  • MR
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14
Q

How did they test if alpha glucans where important and what did it show?

A
  • made by Alpha Glucan Synthase 1
  • remove AGS1 or block via iRNA
  • AGS1- had much lower fungal burden
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15
Q

What do alpha glucans do for histo?

A

mask beta glucans from Dectin1

16
Q

What does ENG1 stand for?

A

Extracellular endo-beta-glucanase 1

17
Q

What do ENG1 do?

A

hydrolyzes beta glucans that peak through alpha glucan coating

18
Q

How did they find ENG1?

A

proteomics based identification of candidate secreted protein factors

19
Q

What does SOD stand for?

A

SuperOxide Dismutase

20
Q

What SOD is secreted and what do it do?

A

SOD3 protects against ROS

21
Q

What does Cat stand for?

22
Q

Which Cat is secreted and what do it do?

A

CatB protects from ROS

23
Q

What do siderophores do?

A

steal sequestered iron

23
What do siderophores do?
steal sequestered iron
24
Why do PMN- hosts generally not get histo?
they're not exposed because they're in the hospital
25
Are T cells required to fight histo?
yes because they activate macrophages
26
What do RNS do to histo?
kill
27
What do surfactant proteins do to histo?
directly kill yeasts
28
Are surfactant proteins sufficient?
yes