Plasma Membranes Flashcards
Roles of cell surface membranes?
Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell
Recognition site for our bodies immune system
Receptor site for hormones and neurotransmitters
May be folded- increasing the surface area
Helps cell attachment adn tissue formation
May contain enzymes too aid metabolic reactions
Roles of other membranes
Separate cell membranes components from cytoplasm
Isolate enzymes that may damage the cell e..g lysosomes
What is compartmentalisation
Formation of separate membrane bound area in a cell
Important to a cell as metabolism includes many different and often incompatible reactions
E.g. Chemical gradients- specific conditions required
Phospholipids
Hydrophilic head s
Hydrophobic tail
1 phosphate group, 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids
Well suited for membranes are outer surface of hydrophilic heads can interact with water- in side of membranes in usually aqueous
Micelles
Lipid molecules that arrange themselves ina. Spherical form in aqueous solution
LIPOSOME
Spherical vesicles having at least 1 lipid bilayer
Phospholipid bilayer (
Hydrophobic layer formed from tails forms a barrier to many molecules adn separates cell components from the outside world
How thick are phospholipid bilayer a
7-9 nm
Intrinsic proteins
Transmembrane proteins that rare embedded through BOTH layers of the membranes
Amino acids with hydrophobic r groups that are on ther external surface which interact with the hydrophobic core of the membrane, keeping them in place
What is an example of an intrinsic protein
Channel protein
Glycoproteins
Channel proteins
Provide a hydrophilic channel that allows diffuse of polar molecules and ions
Held in position by interactions between hydrophobic core of membrane and the hydrophobic groups on the outside of the proteins
Can only transport substances until there’s EQUAL amounts of it on both sides of the membrane
Glycoproteins( intrinsic proteins)
Embedded in cell surface membrane with carbohydrate chains
Play a role in cell adhesion and cell signalling and communication
What is adhesion
When cells join together to for might junctions in certain tissues an as receptors for chemical signals
What is cell signalling and communication
When the chemical binds to the recpetor, it elicits a response from the cell- this may cause a direct response or send off a cascade of events inside the cell
Examples of cell signalling
Receptors of neurotransmitters
The binding of neurotransmitters triggers or presents an impulse in the next neurone
Receptors for peptide hormones
Including insulin and glucagon which affect the Utahe of storage of glucose by cells