Plasma Membranes Flashcards

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1
Q

Roles of cell surface membranes?

A

Controls movement of substances into and out of the cell
Recognition site for our bodies immune system
Receptor site for hormones and neurotransmitters
May be folded- increasing the surface area
Helps cell attachment adn tissue formation
May contain enzymes too aid metabolic reactions

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2
Q

Roles of other membranes

A

Separate cell membranes components from cytoplasm

Isolate enzymes that may damage the cell e..g lysosomes

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3
Q

What is compartmentalisation

A

Formation of separate membrane bound area in a cell
Important to a cell as metabolism includes many different and often incompatible reactions
E.g. Chemical gradients- specific conditions required

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4
Q

Phospholipids

A

Hydrophilic head s
Hydrophobic tail
1 phosphate group, 1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids
Well suited for membranes are outer surface of hydrophilic heads can interact with water- in side of membranes in usually aqueous

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5
Q

Micelles

A

Lipid molecules that arrange themselves ina. Spherical form in aqueous solution

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6
Q

LIPOSOME

A

Spherical vesicles having at least 1 lipid bilayer

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7
Q

Phospholipid bilayer (

A

Hydrophobic layer formed from tails forms a barrier to many molecules adn separates cell components from the outside world

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8
Q

How thick are phospholipid bilayer a

A

7-9 nm

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9
Q

Intrinsic proteins

A

Transmembrane proteins that rare embedded through BOTH layers of the membranes

Amino acids with hydrophobic r groups that are on ther external surface which interact with the hydrophobic core of the membrane, keeping them in place

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10
Q

What is an example of an intrinsic protein

A

Channel protein

Glycoproteins

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11
Q

Channel proteins

A

Provide a hydrophilic channel that allows diffuse of polar molecules and ions
Held in position by interactions between hydrophobic core of membrane and the hydrophobic groups on the outside of the proteins
Can only transport substances until there’s EQUAL amounts of it on both sides of the membrane

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12
Q

Glycoproteins( intrinsic proteins)

A

Embedded in cell surface membrane with carbohydrate chains

Play a role in cell adhesion and cell signalling and communication

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13
Q

What is adhesion

A

When cells join together to for might junctions in certain tissues an as receptors for chemical signals

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14
Q

What is cell signalling and communication

A

When the chemical binds to the recpetor, it elicits a response from the cell- this may cause a direct response or send off a cascade of events inside the cell

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15
Q

Examples of cell signalling

A

Receptors of neurotransmitters
The binding of neurotransmitters triggers or presents an impulse in the next neurone

Receptors for peptide hormones
Including insulin and glucagon which affect the Utahe of storage of glucose by cells

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16
Q

Glycolipids

A

Similar to glycoproteins
Lipids with an attatched carbohydrate ( sugar) chain
These are called cell markers or antigens- can be recognised by the cells I the immune system as self( f the organism) or NON SELF( cells belonging to another organism)

17
Q

Cholesterol

A

A lipid with hydrophilic end and hydrophobic end
Regulates fluidity of membranes
Positioned between phospholipids in the bilayer - hydrophilic heads interacting with hydrophilic end and hydrophobic with tails PULLING them together
Adds stability making them rigid
Prevent Membranes becoming TOO solid, stopping phospholipid grouping too close and crystallising

18
Q

Extrinsic protiens

A

PERIPHERAL PROTEINS

  • present in one side of the bilayer
  • have hydrophilic R groups on their outer surfaces and interact with the polar heads of the phospholipids or with intrinsic protiens
    Can be present in either ad move between layers

E..g enzymes

19
Q

What happens wwhen there’s HIGH temp - membranes

A
Increases fluidity 
Higher kinetic energy 
Higher permeability 
Leaky 
Cell signalling- my be worse 
Carrier adn channel proteins denature 
Less of structure
20
Q

Low temp - effect on membranes

A

Saturated fatty acid become compressed
Kinks push adjacent phospholipids away
Membrane fluidity maintained
Cholesterol also buffers affect to maintain fluidity

21
Q

Solvents affect n membranes- WATER

A

Forms a bilayer ( phospholipids)

22
Q

Organic solvents and alcohol affect on membranes

A

Organic solvents-Most are less polar than water, some are non polar, Dissolve membranes, disrupting cells

Alcohols- used used in antiseptic wipes as alcohols dissolve membranes of bacteria in wound DESTROY cells , less concentrated cause damage
When membrane is disrupted- more fluid and more permeable

23
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

In 1972, American scientists signer and Nicholson proposed model
Proteins
Phospholipids free to move