LIPIDS Flashcards
What are lipids?
Contain C,H,O
Macro molecules
Are lipids polar?
Non polar- the electrons in outer orbitals forming bonds are distributed evenly , meaning they’re INSOLUBLE in water
Functions of lipids?
Membrane formation and creation of hydrophobic barriers Hromone production Electrical insulation Waterproofing Source of metabolic water
Functions of Tricylerides
Thermal insulation
Mechanical insulation
Cushioning
buoyancy aid
What are tricylcerides ?
Combining of 1 glycerol molecle and 3 fatty acids
What is a glycerol and a fatty acid?
Glycerol- type of alchohol
Fatty acid- type of carboxylic acid that contains a carboxyl group with a hydrocarbon chain
Saturated tricylcerides
No double bonds Each carbon atom within the chain has 2 hydrogens attatched Saturated with hydrogen HC backbone is straight Solid- fats
Unsaturated triclycerides
1 or more double bonds
Carbon atoms only have 1 hydrogen atom attatched
Double bond results in a KINK in the backbone, menaing that they cannot pack as closely together- liquid at room temperature(oils)
1 double bond in unsaturated tricylceride?
MONO unsaturated
2 or more double bond in unstaturated tricylceride?
POLY unsaturated
How is the glyerol and fatty acid joined in tricyclerides?
ESTER BOND
The hydroxyl groups interact with the Hydrogen on glycerol, forming 3 hydrogens and esterbonds
What is esterification
Process of forming a ester bond, condensation reaction
What are Phospholipids?
Modified tricylceride
Contain P,C,H and O
Are phospholipids soluble in water
YES
The inorganic phospahte ion are negatively charged
What is the phosphate vs fatty acid like in a phospholipid
Phosphate head is polar - HYDROPHILLIC
Fatty acid tail is NON polar- HYDROPHOBIC
Phospholipid+ water?
Mono layer
Bilayer
Micelle
What is a monolayer?
PHOSPHOLIPID HEADS dissolve in water and the tails point out of the water
Called surface active agents or surfacants
What is a bilayer?
2 layered sheet
All the hydrophobic tails pointing towards teh centre of teh sheet, protected from the water by the hydrophillic heads
Saturated phospholipids- phospholipid bilayer
No kink
Pack CLOSELY together and from hydrophobic interavtions between individual fatty acid tails
Membrane is less fluid and doesnt break apart so easily at higher temps
Unsaturated phospholipid bilayer
KINK
Cant pack as closely together
Less energy required ti break bonds holding fatty acids together
Membrane remains flod at lower temeratures and breaks apart more easily at higher temperatures
What are sterols?
Type of lipid
Complex alachohol molecule based on 4 carbon ring structure with a OH group at one end
Hydoxyl group - hydrophillic and polar, rest of moelcule is hydrophobic
Are sterols narrow or thick?
NARROW, allowing them to fit between cell membranes
Cholesterol
Type of sterol
Manufactured in liver and intestines
Importance of cholesterol
Prevents leackage of ions through membranes(mylein sheath)
Regulates fluidity and strength in membrane and mechanical stablity, positioned between phospholipids with teh OH group at the periphery of the membrane
and ensures its not too fluid or solid
