CARBS

Question 1

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Only conain C, H and O

Cx(H20)y

Question 2

Functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

• Source of energy for respiration
• Energy storage
• Structural component
• Breakdown of fatty acids

Question 3

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates ?

Answer 3

1. Monosacccharides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides

Question 4

Monosaccharides

Answer 4

Soluble in water
Classified by number of carbon atoms- Tri, pent, hex
General formula= Cn (H20)n

Question 5

What are the 2 strucural variations of glucose?

Answer 5

ALPHA, Hydoxyl group below the first carbon

BETA, hydroxyl group above the first carbon

Question 6

Is glucose polar/ soluble in water?

Answer 6

yes- Hydrogen bonds form between hydroxyl groups and water molecules

Question 7

What type of monsosaccharide are fuctose and galactose>

Answer 7

HEXTOSE

Question 8

WHAT are dissacharides?

Answer 8

2 monosaccharides joined by a covalent bond

Question 9

Maltose

Answer 9

When 2 alpha glucose are side by side, the hydroxyl groups interact
H20 removed
Bond froms between carbon 1 and 4 = 1,4 glycosidic bond

Question 10

What is sucrose made of ?

Answer 10

Glucose and fructose

Question 11

What is lactose made of?

Answer 11

Glucose and galactose

Question 12

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 12

Large, insolubke molecules composed of MANY sugar units

Joined by condensation reactions

Question 13

STARCH

Answer 13

Many alpha molecules joined by glycosidic bonds
2 types of polusaccharides known collectively as starch
Glucose made by photosynthesis in plant cells is stored as starch

Question 14

Amylose

Answer 14

Formed by alpha glucose molecules joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds
Long chain of glucose twists to form a helix , futher stbailised by H bonding within the miecluke
More comapact and less soluble than alpha glucose moecuels
Stores LOTS of energy

Question 15

Amylopectin

Answer 15

Glycosidic bonds form in condensation reaction between carbon 1 adn carbon 6 on 2 glucose moeclules
Some glycosidic bonds fromed by condesation reactions
Both 1,4 and 1,6,
BRANCHED strucuture
Side branches- rapidly injected by enzymes- energy released

Question 16

Glycogen

Answer 16

Functionally equivilant energy storage molecule to starch
More branches and coiling than amylopectin meaning its more compact and less space in needed
Branches mean that theres free ends where glucose can be added or removed= speeding up process of storing and releasing glucose
made of alpha glucose, 1,4

Question 17

How is starch stored?

Answer 17

As grains in plant cells

Question 18

How is gycogen stored?

Answer 18

As granules in the live and muscles

Question 19

What is cellulose?

Answer 19

Strucutral polysaccharide
Beta glucose
Hydroxyl groups on carbon 1+4 are too far away to react, so ALTERNATE beta glucose are turned upsid down
Unableto coil- STRAIGHT CHAIN MOLCECULE

Question 20

WHAT are microfibres ?

Answer 20

When cellulose molecules make hydrogen bonds with each other

Question 21

What are fibres ?

Answer 21

WHEN microfibres combine
Strong and insoluble
Used to make cell walls

Question 22

Cell walls

Answer 22

Layers of fibres running ind ifferent directions

LOTS OF STRENGTH - doesnt break

Question 23

Cellulose - animals?

Answer 23

Important part of our diet

Forms fibre/roughage necessary for healthy digestive system

Question 24

What is a glycosidic bond

Answer 24

A bond formed between 2 glucose molecule s
Hydroxyl group doc Carbon 1 on one molecule and Carbon 4 of the other
Condensation reaction
Covalent bond

Question 25

What bonds are there in cellulose and between cellulose moecluels

Answer 25

Between the beta glucose
1,4 glycosidic bonds

Between cellulose = hydrogen bonds = macrofibrils

Combine = fibres