Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUTR 512 > plants that kill and heal > Flashcards

plants that kill and heal Flashcards

1
Q

scientific name of calabar bean

A

physostigma venenosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

part used of calabar bean

A

bean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

bioactive compound of calabar bean

A

physostigmine (indole alkaloid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the mode of action of physostigmine

A

inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase => causes prolonged and exaggerated effects of Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which nerves are stimulated by physostigmine?

A

all of the parasympathetic nerves: contraction of the pupils, bronchi, intestinal smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

physostigmine is a …..

A

PARASYMPATHOMIMETIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

physostigmine is a … agent

A

cholinergic (mimics acetylcholine of inhibits acetylcholinesterase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

physostigmine is a … drug

A

miotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how does physostigmine act as a miotic drug?

A

in constricts/contracts the sphincter muscle of the iris => PARAsympathetic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the ability of physostigmine to contract the pupil led to its use to treat ….

A

glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

scientific name of deadly nightshade

A

atropa belladonna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

part used of deadly nightshade

A

foliage and berries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bioactive compound of deadly nightshade

A

atropine (trepan alkaloid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

atropine is a …….

A

PARASYMPATHOLYTIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

atropine is an …… agent

A

anticholinergic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

atropine is a …. drug

A

mydriatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how does atropine act as a mydriatic drug?

A

it constricts the radial muscles of the iris OR relaxes the sphincter muscles => dilated pupils SYMPATHETIC simulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

atropine is a ……. blocking agent

A

muscarinic cholinergic blocking agent -> inhibits the effects of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which nerves does atropine inhibit?

A

all parasympathetic nerves: dilate spupils, bronchi, intestinal smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

scientific name of castor bean

A

ricinus communis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

part used of castor bean

A

bean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

bioactive compound of castor bean

A

ricin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

mechanism of action of ricin

A

inhibits protein synthesis by specifically and irreversibly inactivating RIBOSOMES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what kind of protein is ricin?

A

a ribosome inhibiting protein (RIP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the 2 types of Ribosome Inhibiting Proteins?

A
  • type 1: wheat and barley (not poisonous)

- type 2: castor bean (most potent cytotoxic agents in nature)

26
Q

to which type of RIP does ricin fall in?

A

heterodimeric type 2

27
Q

mode of action of type 2 RIPs

A
  • beta chain binds to terminal galactose on cell surface receptors => whole toxin is endocytosed
  • toxin reaches Golgi complex and exploits RETROGRADE transport to translocate to ER
28
Q

humectant + example

A 
it retains moisture by preventing water loss through the outer layer of the skin
ricinoleic acid (MUFA)
29
Q

scientific name of rosary pea

A

abrus precatorius

30
Q

part used of rosary pea

31
Q

bioactive compound of rosary pea

A

abrin (lectin)

32
Q

what are lectins?

A

carbohydrate binding proteins that are toxic and ubiquitous in nature

33
Q

what are the 2 forms of lectins?

A
  1. prolamine (toxic lectins that serve as storage proteins e.g. gluten) - contain high contents of AA proline
  2. agglutinin (class of lectins that induce clumping of red blood cells e.g. ricin; wheat germ agglutinin)
34
Q

which proteases digest gluten?

A

gliadin and glutenin

35
Q

…. can cross the gut barrier and activate both the innate and the adaptive immune system

36
Q

gliadins signals …. release from enterocytes that can loosen tight junction

37
Q

what is zonulin?

A

a protein that modulates the permeability of tight junctions between cells of the wall of the digestive tract

38
Q

which agglutinin is the best studied?

A

wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)

39
Q

mode of action of wheat germ agglutinin

A

WGA binds directly to 2 sugars found on cell membrane: N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid

40
Q

to which receptor do wheat germ agglutinin bind to?

A

epidermal growth factor EGF receptor

41
Q

what happened when WGA binds to epidermal growth factor receptor

A

causes tight junctions to open

EGF also internalizes WGA into enterocytes and into the blood stream (lysosome or endosome)

42
Q

what re the three ways wheat germ agglutinins cause leaky gut?

A
  1. binding with epidermal growth factor receptor
  2. endocytosis through lysosome or endosome
  3. direct interaction with membrane carbohydrates
43
Q

WGA is able to pass through the ……. through which process?

A

blood brain barrier through a process called ADSORPTIVE ENDOCYTOSIS

44
Q

WGA can bind to …. and is capable of inhibiting …..

A

myelin sheaths

nerve growth factor

45
Q

scientific name of curare

A

chondrodendron tomentosum

46
Q

part used of curare

A

bark/woody stem

47
Q

bioactive compound of curare

A

tubocurarine (alkaloid)

48
Q

mechanism of action of tubocurarine

A

blocks the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor nAChR at the neuromuscular junction

49
Q

tubocurarine is a …. of Ach

A

competitive antagonist of Ach

50
Q

what is the antidote for curare poisoning?

A

an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor such as physostigmine

51
Q

what is curare used for in modern medicine?

A

to relax muscle attached to broken bones to make them easier to set

52
Q

scientific name of foxglove

A

digitalis purpurea

53
Q

part used of foxglove

54
Q

bioactive compound of foxglove

A

digoxin (cardiac glycoside)

55
Q

mechanism of action of digitalis/digoxin

A

digoxin inhibits the sodium potassium ATPase in the myocardium - decrease in heart rate and increase in stroke volume

56
Q

scientific name of Wolf’s bane/aconite

A

aconitum spp.

57
Q

part used of aconite

A

roots and tubers especially

58
Q

bioactive compound of aconite

59
Q

mechanism of action of aconitine

A

interact with voltage-gates sodium ion channels (potentiates contractions)

60
Q

parasympathomimetic

A

sometimes called a cholinomimetic drug or cholinergic receptor stimulating agent, is a substance that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. These chemicals are also called cholinergic drugs because acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used by the PSNS

61
Q

parasympatholytic

A

is an agent that blocks the action of the parasympathetic nervous system; anticholinergic

NUTR 512 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions