plants that give flavour Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 different tastes?

A
  • sweet - slaty - bitter - sour - umami
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2
Q

sweet taste comes from …

A

simple carbs

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3
Q

salty taste comes from …

A

sodium and a few other cations

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4
Q

sour taste comes from …

A

acids

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5
Q

bitter tastes comes from ….

A

toxic compounds

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6
Q

umami taste comes from …

A

glutamate, aspartate, some RNAs

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7
Q

the number of compounds that elicits bitter taste are by far the …. and most ….

A

largest and most structurally diverse (all alkaloids are bitter)

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8
Q

what are T2Rs

A

bitter taste receptor genes

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9
Q

how often are taste receptors cells replaced?

A

taste receptor cells are continuously replaced in the bud every 9 to 15 days

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10
Q

why are taste receptors continuously replaced?

A

to compensate for mechanical, thermal, or toxin-induced damage

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11
Q

bitter flavour is caused by which compounds? (6)

A
alkaloids, 
phenols, 
flavonoids, 
isoflavones, 
terpenes and 
glucosinolates
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12
Q

why are nutrients in plants ALWAYS associated with bitter

A

potential toxic phytochemical AND/OR indicates medicinal qualities (quinine)

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13
Q

… alters taste responses

A

pregnancy

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14
Q

… is the response to sensitivity to bitter stimuli

A

nausea

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15
Q

why are we more sensitive to bitter during pregnancy?

A

protective response at a time when major fetal organs are first forming and are HIGHLY sensitive to low levels of toxins

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16
Q

which species can taste umami?

A

early hominids and modern humans

17
Q

where is umami obvious?

A

in aged or cooked meats

18
Q

humans have developed a taste for …, …., and … taste as markers of easily digestible proteins

A

glutamate, ribonucleotides, and umami taste

19
Q

fermented foods are also high in glutamate, what is that marker used for?

A

marker of improved nutrition and probiotic bacteria

20
Q

all mammals produce …….. but only great apes and some rodents have …….

A

pancreatic alpha-amylase

salivary alpha-amylase

21
Q

how are humans unique when it comes to evolution of sweet?

A

we have large-scale copy number polymorphism of salivary amylase gene AMY1

22
Q

acids may indicate the presence of ….

23
Q

mixture of …. with …. enables the identification of fruit ripeness

A

acids with sugars

24
Q

difference between carnivores, herbivores, and omnivores when it comes to salt ingestion

A

carnivores: ingest salt with every meal
herbivores: can easily become salt depleted
omnivores: moderate concentrations of are highly attractive

25
how do humans lose salt?
through sweating
26
terpenes are naturally occurring compounds derives from ....
isoprene
27
terpenes contain multiples of ... carbon atoms
5