Plants Flashcards
Biomass
The total mass in living organisms, usually shown as the mass after dying
Cellulose
Plant cell walls are made of tough cellulose, which support the cell and allow it to keep its shape
Chloroplast
A green disc containing chlorophyll, found in plant cells. This is where the plant makes glucose through photosynthesis
Endothermic reaction
A type of reaction in which energy from the surroundings is transferred to the products, e.g. photosynthesis.
Food chain
A diagram that uses arrows to show the flow of energy through organisms that depend on each other for food
Gas exchange
A process in which one gas diffuses across a membrane and another gas diffuses in the opposite direction
Glucose
The sugar produced by photosynthesis and needed for respiration
Guard cell
A pair of guard cells open and close plant stomata
Lipid
A substance in a large group of compounds that include fats and oils
Palisade cell
Tall, column-shaped cell bear the upper surface of a plant leaf
Photosynthesis
A series of enzyme-catalysed reactions carried out in the green parts of plants. Carbon dioxide and water combine to form glucose. This process requires energy transferred by light
Polymer
A long chain molecule made by joining many smaller molecules ( monomers) together
Producer
An organism such as a plant that makes its own food using photosynthesis
Protein
A polymer made up of amino acids
Protist
An organism that belongs to a kingdom of eukaryotic and mainly single-celled organisms
Respiration
A series of reactions occurring in all living cells, in which glucose is broken down to release energy
Starch
A polymer carbohydrate that is made by the joining together of glucose molecules
Stoma
A tiny pore in the lower surface of a leaf which when open allows gases to diffuse into and out of the leaf
Storage organ
A plant organ used to store energy-rich substances such as starch e.g. potatoes
Sucrose
A type of sugar found in the phloem of plants ans used as table sugar
Concentration
The amount of something found in a certain volume of another substance
Direct proportion
A linear relationship in which the percentage change in a variable occurs with an equal percentage change in another variable. A direct proportion is seen as a straight line through the origin when the 2 variables are plotted on a graph
Inverse proportion
A non-linear relationship where one variable decreases in size at the same rate as another increases
Inverse square law
A mathematical relationship in which a quantity varies in inverse proportion of the square of the distance from the source of the quantity
Limiting factor
A single factor when in short supply can limit the rats of a process such as photosynthesis
Linear relationship
A relationship between 2 variables shown by a straight line on a graph
Active transport
The movement of particles across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (against the concentration gradient). This process requires energy.
Concentration gradient
The difference between 2 concentrations
Diffusion
The random movement and spreading of particles
Mineral ion
Ion from a naturally occurring salt
Nitrate
A compound that contains nitrogen in the form of. a nitrate ion
Osmosis
The overall movement of solvent molecules in a solution across a partially permeable membrane grom a dilute solution to a more concentrated one
Root hair cell
A cell found on the surface of plant roots that has a large surface area to absorb water and dissolved mineral salts quickly from the soil
Wilt
Drooping of parts of a plant causes by a lack of water
Companion cell
A specialised cell located in the phloem tissue of plants. They pump suvrose into sieve cells
Lignin
A type of polymer that is combined with cellulose in some plant cell walls to make the celks woody
Phloem tissue
Living tissue formed of sieve tubes and companion cells that transport sugars and other soluble compounds arounda plant
Potometer
A devise used for measuring the rate of water uptake by a plant
Sieve tube/cell
Tubes formed of phloem sieve cells. The tubes carry sugars ans other soluble compounds around the plant
Translocation
The transport of sugars and other soluble compounds in the phloem tissue of a plant
Transpiration
The flow of water into a root, up the stem and out of the leaves
Xylem vessel/cell
A long thick-walled tube found in plants formed from many dead xylem cells. The vessels carry water and dissolved mineral salts through the plant
