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Biology > Photosyntheis > Flashcards

Photosyntheis Flashcards

1
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place

A

In the chlorophyll in chloroplasts

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2
Q

What does chlorophyll do

A

Absorbs light

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3
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water = glucose + oxygen

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4
Q

What is the symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

6Co2 + 6H2O=C6H12O6 + 6O2

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5
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis

A

Endothermic reaction

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6
Q

Define endothermic reaction

A

Where energy is transferred from the environment to chloroplasts by light

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7
Q

What is the first reason why plants want glucose

A

For cellular respiration

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8
Q

What does cellular respiration do

A

It breaks glucose apart to release energy

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9
Q

What is the second reason plants want glucose

A

To make cellulose

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10
Q

What is cellulose and how is it made

A

Its a complex carbohydrate that strengthens cell walls and its made by glucose molecules combining together

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11
Q

What is the 3rd reason plants want glucose

A

To make starch

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12
Q

How does starch help plants

A

It breaks down into glucose when there is less photosynthesis (e.g winter) and it is used as long term storage

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13
Q

What is the 4th reason for why plants need glucose

A

To make amino acids

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14
Q

How are amino acids made in plants

A

By combining glucose and nitrate ions (from soil)

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15
Q

Why do plants want to make amino acids

A

Because amino acids combine to make proteins

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16
Q

What is the 5th reason why plants want glucose

A

To make oils and fats

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17
Q

Why do plants want oils and fats

A

So they can be stored as a future energy source

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18
Q

What are the 4 factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis

A
  1. Light intensity
  2. Temperature
  3. Concentration of carbon dioxide in the air
  4. Chlorophyll
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19
Q

Where is the stomata in a plant

A

Scattered in the lower epidermis

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20
Q

What happens in the lower epidermis

A

Co2 diffuses through the holes to then move up the leaf into the spongy mesophyll tissue

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21
Q

Why does the spongy mesophyll tissue have lots of air gaps between the cells

A

So the gas can easily diffuse through the the next layer - paliside mesophyll layer

22
Q

What layer does the most photosynthesis happen and why

A

The palisade mesophyll layer because palisade cells are packed full of chloroplasts

23
Q

What does the upper epidermis layer do

A

Has transparent cells to allow sunlight to pass through to get to the chloroplasts in palisades beneath

24
Q

How are sugar molecules carried to the rest of the plant after photosynthesis

A

By the phloem

25
Q

What does the xylem do

A

Continually brings water up from the roots for the palisade cells to use in photosynthesis

26
Q

What adaptation does the leaf have to prevent water loss

A

A waxy cuticle on top

27
Q

What is a waxy cuticle

A

A thin waterproof layer of lipids that water cant get through

28
Q

Why do leaves keep the stomate open for as short a time as possible

A

So they can maximise Co2 absorption but minimise water loss

29
Q

How is each stoma formed

A

From the gap between 2 guard cells

30
Q

What happens to the guard cells when a plant has lots of water

A

Guard cells will be well hydrated (turgid) which makes gap between them larger allowing more co2 to diffuse through

31
Q

What happens to the guard cells when a plant is short of water

A

The guard cells lose water due to osmosis and become flaccid

32
Q

What happens to the stomata when guard cells become dehydrated(flaccid)

A

The stomata close meaning the plant no longer takes in Co2 but will conserve its water vapour

33
Q

What happens to guard cells at night and why

A

They close at night when photosynthesis isnt taking place and they dont need Co2 because they’re sensitive to light

34
Q

Why are stomatas on the lower side of the of the leaf

A

Because its more shady which makes it cooler so less water will evaporate

35
Q

Where is meristem tissue found

A

Found at growing tips of roots and shoots

36
Q

What can meristem tissue do

A

It can differentiate into loads of different cell types so that the plant can grow

37
Q

Define translocation

A

Movement of cell sap up and snd down the plant

38
Q

How is translocation achieved

A

Achieved by phloem cells

39
Q

What are phloem tubes

A

Phloem cells that are arranged end to end to form long columns

40
Q

Why do phloem cells have pores in their walls

A

To allow cell sap to pass along the phloem tube

41
Q

Why are xylem tubes ans what do they form

A

Dead xylem cells with no ends between them so they from 1 long hollow tube

42
Q

What strengthens xylem tubes

A

Lignin

43
Q

What is the role of xylem tubes

A

They transport both water and mineral ions from the roots up the stem to the leaves where water can be hsed in photosynthesis

44
Q

Define transpiration

A

Evaporation of water through the leaves

45
Q

What is a transpiration stream

A

A chain of water molecules

46
Q

What are the 4 factors that influence the rate of transpiration

A
  1. Light intensity
  2. Temp
  3. Air flow
  4. Humidity
47
Q

How does light intensity increase the rate of transpiration

A

The stomatas open wider to let more carbon dioxide into the leaf for photosynthesis

48
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration

A

Particles of water will have more energy in warmer temperatures so theyre more likely to evaporate and diffuse out of stomata

49
Q

How does air flow affect the rate of transpiration

A

Higher air flow means there is a higher concentration gradient which increases rate of transpiration

50
Q

How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration

A

Higher humidity means there is a lower concentration gradient which decreases the rate of transpiration

Biology (14 decks)

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