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Science 7 > Plants 1.1 > Flashcards

Plants 1.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Roots

A

A part of a plant that attaches to the ground giving it water and nutrients.

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2
Q

Plants for fibre

A

Cotton, Hemp and flax.

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3
Q

Plants for food

A

Vegetables, fruits and more. 7 major food products:

  1. Wheat
  2. Rice
  3. Maize (corn)
  4. Potatoes
  5. Barley
  6. Cassava
  7. Sorghum
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4
Q

Plants for medicine

A

Many medicines contain ingredients from plants and before science evolved they used plants for medicine. Scientists copy teh plant to make a medicine.

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5
Q

Plants for transportation and construction

A

Scientists try to find different plants for rubber. Rubber (latex) and wood are commonly used plants.

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6
Q

Plants for fuel

A

Wood and coal is burning, heating you. Sediment compressed plant tissues and underwent chemical and physical changes becoming coal. Liquid fuel is alternative but not efficient.

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7
Q

Parts of a plant

A

Flower, leaves, stem, fruit, roots and seed.

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8
Q

Functions of a root

A

Anchor the plant in soil, absorb water and nutrients and store extra glucose and starch.

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9
Q

Common uses of roots

A

High energy foods and medicine

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10
Q

Root hairs

A

They are fine roots and small, increase the surface area and absorb more water and nutrients

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11
Q

Tap roots

A

They grow vertically down and makes it difficult for the plant to be removed. E.g: dandelions

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12
Q

Fibrous roots

A

They spread in the soil and and protect soil from erosion. E.g: green onions

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13
Q

Function in the stems

A

Support the plant, move water, nutrients and glucose and sometimes store extra food.

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14
Q

Common uses of stems

A

Fibres (paper, clothes, rope etc.), food, sap and can be found underground and above ground.

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15
Q

Herbaceous

A

Green and thin

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16
Q

Woody

A

Wood, thick and wide.

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17
Q

Runners

A

Grow horizontally above ground.

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18
Q

Rhizomes

A

Grow horizontally underground.

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19
Q

Tubers

A

Big rhizomes and runners growing underground.

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20
Q

Corms

A

Underground tubers that store energy to survive the winter or a drought.

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21
Q

Functions in leaves

A

Collect sunlight, photosynthesis and transpiration.

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22
Q

Common uses of leaves

A

Food: vitamins and minerals, medicine and tea.

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23
Q

Function of flower

A

Attract insects and birds for pollination, holds and protects ovules and pollen to make new seeds and plants.

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24
Q

Common uses of a flower

A

Makeup, roses, food delicacies and essential oils.

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25
Q

Function of seeds and grains

A

Used to start new plants (reproduction), can move plant DNA to new locations ( air, water, animals)

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26
Q

Common uses of seeds and grains

A

Grains for food, seeds for high protein foods and both for fuel.

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27
Q

Soil

A

Outermost solid layer, plants grow in it and soil composition affects plant growth.

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28
Q

How is soil formed

A
  1. Solid bedrock slowly weathers into small pieces (parent material)
  2. Simple plants begin growing
  3. Decomposing plants enrich soil
  4. Plant life attracts animals who burrow or live in soil
  5. Soil becomes complex
  6. Climate, time, location and life forms all affect soil formation
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29
Q

Horizons

A

Layers of soil (horizon), soil types have 3-4 horizons and soil profile exposes horizons.

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30
Q

Names of horizons

A

Organic layer, topsoil, subsoil, weathered parent material and rock parent material

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31
Q

Organic layer

A

Top part of the earth

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32
Q

Topsoil

A

Where plants roots grow

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33
Q

Subsoil

A

Getting worse than topsoil not very good for plants

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34
Q

Weathered plant material

A

Small pieces of bedrock and soil

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35
Q

Rock parent material

A

Small pieces of bedrock

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36
Q

What is soil made of

A

Inorganic material (abiotic), organic material (biotic), water and air

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37
Q

Organic material

A

Remains of plants and animals, bacteria earthworms fungus decompose organic material produce HUMUS, provides nutrients and structure, must be replenished to maintain nutrients

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38
Q

Inorganic material

A

Non-living material, composition affects texture

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39
Q

Clay

A

Small particles, compact and poor drainage. Not good for plants

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40
Q

Silty

A

Medium sized particles, rich in nutrients (fertile) and good drainage. Good for plants

41
Q

Sandy

A

Large particles of rock and minerals and easy flow water. Not very good for plants

42
Q

Loamy

A

A mixture of clay, silty and sandy and ideal for gardening. Best for plants

43
Q

Practices to degrade soil

A
  1. Loss of organic matter
  2. Salinization (salty soil)
  3. Soil erosion caused by wind and water
44
Q

Practices that enhance soil

A
  1. Add organic matter: menure, fertilizers
  2. Prevent erosion: shelter belts
  3. Reduce tillage planting without disturbing soil
45
Q

Nitrogen for…

A

Growth of healthy stems and leaves

46
Q

Phosphorus for…

A

Growth of healthy roots systems

47
Q

Potassium for…

A

Promotion of growth of flowers and fruit

48
Q

Particle model of matter

A
  1. All matter is made up of tiny particles
  2. There are spaces between particles
  3. Particles are always moving
49
Q

Solid, liquid and gas

A

Solid: lots of close particles
Liquid: couple of particles not very close
Gas: few particles far apart

50
Q

Diffusion

A

The movement of particles randomly from high concentration to low concentration with the goal of having equal amount of particles in the space.

51
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane.

52
Q

How does water enter roots

A

Roots absorb water and nutrients through osmosis. Water in the soil is high and moves into the roots low.

53
Q

How do water and nutrients move through the plant

A

Through xylem and phloem.

54
Q

How does water leave the plant

A

Through the stomata. Water is released and evaporated through the process of transpiration. It’s helps “pull” water up through the system.

55
Q

How do plants make food (in detail)

A

Photosynthesis
Occurs in the leaves, in a cell structure called chloroplasts, inside it requires light, pigment called chlorophyll, CO2 and H2O to make sugar and oxygen.

56
Q

What is the equation of photosynthesis

A

6CO2+6H2O+sunlight turns into C6H12O6+6O2

57
Q

How do plants use the food made in photosynthesis

A

Glucose is used to supply the plant with energy and CO2 is used up and oxygen is released.

58
Q

Photosynthesis happens… and respiration happens…

A

Photosynthesis happens at day time only and respiration happens only at night time.

59
Q

Equation for respiration

A

C6H12O6+6O2 turns into 6CO2+6H2O+energy

60
Q

What are the 2 different ways for plants to reproduce

A

Asexual and sexual.

61
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Produces an offspring (plant) that is identical to parent. Known as clones.

62
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Offspring that results different than the parent because the genes are from 2 parents. Involves meeting of pollen (sperm) and ovule (egg) to produce seed.

63
Q

Runners

A

Stems that extend horizontally above ground.

64
Q

Layering

A

Occurs when a branch of the parent bends down into the ground- covered with soil- and begins to grow its own roots.

65
Q

Grafting

A

When you take a branch from a plant and attach it to another tree.

66
Q

Cuttings

A

When you cut off leaves from a parent plant and put them in water to grow its own roots.

67
Q

Parts of the flower

A

Pistil, Anther, Petal, Pollen tube, Ovule, Pollen, Ovary, Stamen, Stigma.

68
Q

Female parts of flower

A

Pistil, Stigma, Ovule, Ovary.

69
Q

Male parts of flower

A

Anther, Filament, Stamen, Pollen.

70
Q

Both male and female parts of flower

A

Pollen tube, Petal.

71
Q

Pistil

A

Entire female structure

72
Q

Ovule

A

Carries female DNA

73
Q

Ovary

A

Contains ovules

74
Q

Stigma

A

Sticky, captures pollen grains

75
Q

Anther

A

Produces pollen

76
Q

Filament

A

Support

77
Q

Pollen

A

Carries male DNA

78
Q

Stamen

A

Entire male structure

79
Q

Petal

A

Attracts pollinators

80
Q

Pollen tube

A

Delivers pollen to ovule

81
Q

Pollination

A

Occurs when pollen grain lands on stigma. A pollen tube grows down the style into the ovary. A sperm travels down the tube to fertilize the ovule.

82
Q

Pollination occurs by

A

Wind: released into the air
Animals: insects move pollen from plant to plant
Artificial: humans breeding specialty plants

83
Q

Cross-pollination

A

Pollen travels from one plant to another.

84
Q

Self pollination

A

Pollen from a flower on one plant lands on another flower of the SAME plant.

85
Q

Fertilization

A

Occurs when one sperm meets with one ovule and a new cell is formed.

86
Q

Germination

A

It’s the development of a seed into a new plant.

87
Q

What are the 3 conditions for germination

A

Water, oxygen and heat. WHO

88
Q

What is inside a seed

A

Embryo and cotyledon

89
Q

Embryo

A

Living baby plant

90
Q

Cotyledon

A

Food for embryo to feed on to stay alive.

91
Q

Seed coat

A

Protects embryo and its food.

92
Q

Fruit

A

The growing ovary of the plant that swells and protects developing seeds.

93
Q

What is the purpose of a fruit

A
  1. Protect embryo

2. Transportation of seed

94
Q

How is a fruit an adaptation

A

It allows the seed to disperse and grow in a new environment.

95
Q

Selective breeding

A

People choose specific plants with particular characteristics and encourage those plants to reproduce. Can only be sexual reproduction.

96
Q

Examples of selective breeding

A

Seedless bananas, sweeter corn

97
Q

What are advantages of selective breeding

A

Can choose specific plant characteristics in colour, flavour, size, pest and drought resistance.

98
Q

Disadvantages of selective breeding

A
  1. Reduces biological diversity
  2. Increased risk from disease, pests, changing environments
  3. Weaker genetic traits can be passed on
99
Q

Why does soil need air spaces in it

A

Plants and animals need oxygen in the soil you must have oxygen (air spaces).

Science 7 (16 decks)

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