plantae Flashcards
1
Q
how are land plants classified?
A
by the presence/absence of vascular tissue and seeds
2
Q
bryophytes
A
- non-vascular plants
- 450 mya
3
Q
seedless vascular plants
A
- have vascular tissue
- 385 mya
4
Q
gymnosperms
A
- seed producing vascular plants
- 360 mya
5
Q
angiosperms
A
- seed and flower producing vascular plants
- 280-150 mya
6
Q
vascular plants
A
- 93% of existing plant species
- have vascular tissue: cells joined to form tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body
7
Q
seedless vascular plants
A
- lycophytes (mosses)
- monilophytes (fern)
8
Q
seed bearing vascular plants
A
- gymnosperms: seed not enclosed in chambers (pinecones)
- angiosperms: seeds develop inside chambers called “ovaries” (all flowering plants)
9
Q
structure of vascular plants
A
- root system: uptakes water and minerals from the ground
- shoot system: stems and leaves
10
Q
root system
A
- anchors vascular plant into the soil
- absorbs minerals and water
- stores photosynthates: sugars and other carbohydrates created during photosynthesis
- help control soil erosion
11
Q
two types of root systems
A
- fibrous roots (monocot plants)
- taproot (dicot plants)
12
Q
fibrous root
A
- many small, branching roots
- occupy a large volume of shallow soil around a plant’s base
- petunias, beans, peas
13
Q
taproot
A
- one large, thick root with some smaller lateral roots
- downward growing root, with limited branching, where soils permit
- carrots, beets, radish
14
Q
stem
A
- raises and separates leaves for sunlight
- raise reproductive structure for pollen and fruit dispersion
- transport substances between roots and leaves
- food storage: water and sugar (cacti)
- protection (rose thorns)
15
Q
two types of stems
A
- woody stems
- herbaceous stems
