animalia

Question 1

animal cell characteristics

Answer 1

• eukaryotic and multicellular
• don’t have cell walls
• cells are organized into tissue: group of cells acting as one functional unit

Question 2

animal reproduction characteristics

Answer 2

• most reproduce sexually: planarians + some sea stars
• sperm cell fertilizes an egg to create a diploid zygote
• diploid = chromosomes exist in pairs

Question 3

animal movement characteristics

Answer 3

• are motile (can move)
• developed nerve cells used to coordinate movement and sense environmental changes (except porifera phylum)

Question 4

body plans

Answer 4

• particular set of morphological and developmental traits that are integrated into a functional whole (animal)
• morphological: symmetry
• developmental: embryonic development

Question 5

symmetry

Answer 5

• basic feature of animals is presence or absence of symmetry
• radial: any line down central axis divides animal equally
• bilateral: one line divides animal equally

Question 6

bilateral symmetry and cephalization

Answer 6

• animals with bilateral symmetry have sensory equipment located at front of body (anterior)

Question 7

embryonic development

Answer 7

• bilaterally symmetrical organisms can be further divided based on this
• protostomes and deuterostomes

Question 8

protostomes

Answer 8

during embryonic development, the mouth forms before the anus (ex: earthworm)

Question 9

deuterostomes

Answer 9

during embryonic development, the anus forms before the mouth (ex: humans)

Question 10

germ layers

Answer 10

• seen during embryonic development: when cells start specializing to become diff. parts
• layers of cells that give rise to specialized cells in developing embryos

Question 11

germ layer: ectoderm

Answer 11

• becomes outer covering and nervous system
• skin cells, neurons/nerves, pigment cells
• exoskeleton

Question 12

germ layer: mesoderm

Answer 12

• gives rise to other body system organs (circulatory, reproductive, excretory)
• cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, tubule cells, red blood cells, smooth muscle
• organs

Question 13

germ layer: endoderm

Answer 13

• gives rise to lining of digestive tract and for some organisms, respiratory system
• lung cells/alveolar, thyroid cells, digestive cells
• inner lining of organs

Question 14

coelom

Answer 14

• body cavity that contains inner organs
• organs suspended in this fluid-filled cavity
• developed from mesoderm

Question 15

vertebraes

Answer 15

• have a backbone
• phylum chordata are vertebraes, all else invertebraes
• chordates include mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, and reptiles

Question 16

characteristic feature of chordates

Answer 16

• all develop notochord and dorsal nerve cord
• notochord is “discs”: spongy part between spine
• backbone develops to protect the dorsal nerve cord