nutrients Flashcards

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1
Q

macromolecules

A
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids (fat)
  • protein
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2
Q

what does our body need in large amounts?

A
  • carbs
  • lipids
  • proteins
  • water
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3
Q

how do our bodies use macromolecules

A

breaks them down by enzymes

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4
Q

what are enzymes

A
  • proteins that speed up chemical reactions
  • help breakdown macromolecules during chemical digestion
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5
Q

how are enzymes named

A

the chemical the break down followed by an “ase” ending
- protease, carbohydrase, lipase

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6
Q

where are enzymes active and how are they released?

A
  • majority are active in the small intestine
  • the release is controlled by hormones (endocrine system)
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7
Q

carbohydrates

where does it go?

A
  • main source of body’s energy
  • broken down to make glucose
  • glucose goes to mitochondria where reactions create energy
  • 55-60% of diet
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8
Q

fibre

whts it help with

A
  • cellulose that is found in plants
  • we have no enzymes to digest fibre
  • goes through digestive system intact, but sticks to water and cholesterol
  • helps heart disease, indigestion, and weight gain
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9
Q

lipids

A
  • stores energy for later use
  • insulates body
  • protects organs
  • makes up cell membranes/some hormones
  • helps absorption of vitamins
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10
Q

what are lipids made of?

A
  • made of fatty acid chain and glycerol group
  • essential fatty acids must be obtained in diet (omega3)
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11
Q

proteins

A
  • building blocks of body with wide range of functions
  • hormones, transport O2, hair, nails, antibodies, muslce cells
  • broken down into amino acids
  • 10-15% of diet
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12
Q

micronutrients

A
  • vitamins and minerals
  • needed in small amounts
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13
Q

vitamins

how does it help c___ s

A
  • organic compounds help release energy from macronutrients
  • cell function, growth, and development
  • diet or produced by beneficial bacteria in gut (vitamin K)
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14
Q

types of vitamins

A
  • water soluble
  • fat soluble
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15
Q

water soluble vitamins

A
  • vitamins B and C, folic acid
  • easily removed from body
  • easily removed while cooking
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16
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A
  • vitamins A, K, E, D
  • not easily removed from body
  • don’t need to consume regularily
  • toxic in excess
17
Q

minerals

essential for…

A
  • chemical elements that body needs
  • essential for enzyme activity, body processes
  • consumed through diet