nutrients Flashcards
1
Q
macromolecules
A
- carbohydrates
- lipids (fat)
- protein
2
Q
what does our body need in large amounts?
A
- carbs
- lipids
- proteins
- water
3
Q
how do our bodies use macromolecules
A
breaks them down by enzymes
4
Q
what are enzymes
A
- proteins that speed up chemical reactions
- help breakdown macromolecules during chemical digestion
5
Q
how are enzymes named
A
the chemical the break down followed by an “ase” ending
- protease, carbohydrase, lipase
6
Q
where are enzymes active and how are they released?
A
- majority are active in the small intestine
- the release is controlled by hormones (endocrine system)
7
Q
carbohydrates
where does it go?
A
- main source of body’s energy
- broken down to make glucose
- glucose goes to mitochondria where reactions create energy
- 55-60% of diet
8
Q
fibre
whts it help with
A
- cellulose that is found in plants
- we have no enzymes to digest fibre
- goes through digestive system intact, but sticks to water and cholesterol
- helps heart disease, indigestion, and weight gain
9
Q
lipids
A
- stores energy for later use
- insulates body
- protects organs
- makes up cell membranes/some hormones
- helps absorption of vitamins
10
Q
what are lipids made of?
A
- made of fatty acid chain and glycerol group
- essential fatty acids must be obtained in diet (omega3)
11
Q
proteins
A
- building blocks of body with wide range of functions
- hormones, transport O2, hair, nails, antibodies, muslce cells
- broken down into amino acids
- 10-15% of diet
12
Q
micronutrients
A
- vitamins and minerals
- needed in small amounts
13
Q
vitamins
how does it help c___ s
A
- organic compounds help release energy from macronutrients
- cell function, growth, and development
- diet or produced by beneficial bacteria in gut (vitamin K)
14
Q
types of vitamins
A
- water soluble
- fat soluble
15
Q
water soluble vitamins
A
- vitamins B and C, folic acid
- easily removed from body
- easily removed while cooking
