Plant tissues Flashcards
Meristematic tissues
- majority of dividing cells
- perpetually juvenile (stem cells)
- totipotent (can form parts of the plant) or pluripotent like stem cells
- small, soft, thin-walled
- highly active metabolically
- made from parenchyma
These are patches of juvenile cells
- herbaceous
- woody
- ????
Apical meristems
- near shoot tip or root tip
- present in seed
- produce primary growth (How plant grows,,, meristem dividing) of primary tissues
- protoderm, procambium (leaves islands o cells behind hat retain the ability to divide), ground meristem (Leave buds behind)
Lateral meristems
Vascular cambium, cork cambium…
Produce secondary tissue (growing outward, not lengthwise )
Will be found in dicot. This will extent as a cylinder, woody tissues of plant comes from vascular cambium (apical meristem left behind)
Cork Cambium does not come from apical meristem… ground meristem forms cork cambium which will make the bark of the plant
root function
function: anchor plant, absorb water and minerals, store food
root location
fibrous root: shallow, upper meter of the ground,
or taproot: can grow down, or can be shallow.
tap root with deep roots
alfalfa, field bindweed, tamarisk (comes from africa, does well in the desert due to the. deep root), mesquite bush…
tap root with shallow root
sitka spruce, cardon cactus
Development of root (taproot)
From the radicle of a seed, may be fairly large with branch roots.
development of fibrous root
narrow, adventitious (any root developed from shoot tissue) ,from lower stem…
adventitiousroot
from shoot tissue
examples: banyan, coleus
intercalary meristem
in between. found in grass, usually by the nodes
parenchyma tissue
- simple tissue
- common trhoughout plant
- thin walled, spherical
- often loosely grouped
- vacuoles may store things
- can divide
examples of parenchyma
- aerenchyma: loosely clustered with air between them, moves oxygen to plants that may be underwater. (aer = air)
- chlorenchyma: have many chloroplasts.. soft
- transfer cells: irregular inner walls, rough plasma membrane, helps to secrete things.
collenchyma (celery)
- simple
- spherical or elongated living cells
- primary cell walls thickened in corners
- provide support
sclerenchyma
- simple
- thick, lignified secondary walls
- usually dead when mature
- protection and support
- sclereids (stone cells, short, walls thick)
- and fibers
xylem
- complex tissue: conducting water
- trachids: simple pits and bordered pits…
- vessel elements: barrels, transports liquid
- fibers
- ray cells: holds rings together and allows passage of products thru xylem
phloem
- complex tissue, cells are alive
- moves glucose and hormones around
- sieve tube members : thick walled, stack to form tubes sieve plates
- companion cells: provide E for transport in phloem
- full of cytoplasm, no nucleus in order to move food
- callose… if cell wounded, will precipitate and form a plug
companion cells
- shorter cells
- packed next to sieve tube members
- controlled sieve tube members
epidermis
- complex tissue
- root hairs
- one cell thick
- velamen roots
- hair and gland cells
- guard cells (photosynthetic, can change pressure to open stomata)
- secrete cutin to form waterproof cuticle
periderm
- complex tissue
- replace epidermis during growth
- forms bark that has the cork cambium
- boxy cork cells, dead at maturity
- lenticels are opening in the periderm to get oxygen to the cells
secretory tissues
- complex tissue
- resin ducts
- individual or network of cells that secrete stuff
