flowers, fruits, and seeds

Question 1

Describe the variety of flowers

Answer 1

diversity in size,
color,
smell,
location,
time from seed to floweirng,
altitude
geography

Question 2

three types of times from seed to flowering

Answer 2

annuals (live one season then die) ex: DESERT FLOWER
Biennials (takes two years to complete life cycle)
perennials (long life, longer than 2 years) ex: CENTURY PLANT

Question 3

rafflesia

Answer 3

smells like rotting meat, one of the largest flowers in the world

Question 4

surfgrass

Answer 4

flowers underwater

Question 5

wild ginger

Answer 5

flowers underground

Question 6

Deschampsia antarctica

Answer 6

antarctic hair grass, grows in antarctica

Question 7

colobanthus quitensis

Answer 7

antarctic pearlwort, grows in antarctica

Question 8

whorl

Answer 8

a circular arrangement of three or more similar anatomical parts such as leaves, petals or other plant parts arising from a common point or node at the same level on a stem

Question 9

Bracts

Answer 9

modified leaf or scale
sometimes they are brighter than the actual flower ex: poinsetta

Question 10

peduncle

Answer 10

peduncle is a stalk supporting an inflorescence or a solitary flower

Question 11

pedicel

Answer 11

the “branch” off of the peduncle that holds the flower

Question 12

receptacle

Answer 12

The part of a flower stalk where the parts of the flower are attached

Question 13

sepals (calyx)

Answer 13

small, leaf-shaped, green-coloured and outermost part of the flower

Question 14

stamen

Answer 14

male, contains filament and anther

Question 15

filament

Answer 15

The thin stalk that supports the anther in the male portion of the flower.

Question 16

anther

Answer 16

the part of a stamen that produces and contains pollen

Question 17

carpels (pistil)

Answer 17

female, contains stigma, style and ovary

Question 18

stigma

Answer 18

receptive tip of a carpel

Question 19

style

Answer 19

stalk supporting stigma

Question 20

ovary

Answer 20

enlarged basal portion of the pistil, the female organ of a flower. The ovary contains ovules, which develop into seeds upon fertilization. The ovary itself will mature into a fruit, either dry or fleshy, enclosing the seeds.

Question 21

types of ovary

Answer 21

superior (hypogynous)
Inferior (epigynous)
half-superior (perigynous)

Question 22

example of plant with inferior ovary

Answer 22

rose hip, zucchini

Question 23

example superior ovary

Answer 23

trumpet vine

Question 24

example of symmetrical flower

Answer 24

lily

Question 25

example of bilaterally symmetrical (irregular)

Answer 25

snow pea

Question 27

perfect vs incomplete

Answer 27

perfect has carpel and stamen. incomplete is missing either the carpel or the stamen

Question 28

carpellate

Answer 28

pistillate, has pistils but no stamen. ex is corn

Question 29

staminate

Answer 29

has stamen and no carpels/pistils. ex lily

Question 30

monoecious vs dioecious

Answer 30

mono means has both male and female in same spot ex is rose dioecious has on,y male or female parts. ex is avocado, mulberry, willow

Question 31

fruits definition

Answer 31

product of mature ovary with or without accessory structures. always come from flowers. examples are tomato, peach, orange, sycamore hairy achenes, and maple samara

Question 32

parts of fruit

Answer 32

endocarp is inner layer exocarp outer layer mesocarp is middle layer. all three is the pericarp of the fruit

Question 33

fleshy fruit

Answer 33

has soft mesocarp drupe, berry, pome

Question 34

drupe

Answer 34

fleshy fruit, has one seed, hard endocarp, examples are coconut, avocado, walnut , apricot, cashew, peach

Question 35

true berries

Answer 35

sing,e ovary, examples are grape, tomato, persimmon, pepper, eggplant

Question 36

modified berries

Answer 36

more than a sing,e ovary, blueberries, bananas

Question 37

pepo berry

Answer 37

thick exocarp squash, melon

Question 38

hesperidium berry

Answer 38

leather skin, citrus, sacs if juice oranges, citrus

Question 39

pome

Answer 39

apples, flower , inferior ovary, flesh from receptacle.

Question 40

dry fruit

Answer 40

dehiscent, Dehiscence is the splitting of a mature plant structure along a built-in line of weakness to release its contents. indehiscent …They are dry fruits that open up only upon deterioration or spread by consumption by animals. These fruits do not open up at maturity

Question 41

dehiscent dry fruit types

Answer 41

- capsule… two or more carpels ex is garden poppy - follicle, … sing,e carpel ex is milkweed - legume, e is honey locust pod - silique. … central placenta can also split along ridge ex is mustard

Question 42

indehiscent dry fruit… archene

Answer 42

examples are dandelion, sunflower, where the base of the seed is attached

Question 43

indehiscent dry fruit caryopsis

Answer 43

grain, wheat, oats, rye, seed is tightly attached

Question 44

indehiscent dry fruit …. nut

Answer 44

sing,e carpel, one seed, hard and thick, has involucre (leaf cluster) , examples are acorn, hazelnut , hickory

Question 45

indehiscent dry fruit… samara

Answer 45

pericarp is tight, extends to a winglike structure.. example is maple winged samara and elm winged smara

Question 46

inhidescent dry fruit schizocaro

Answer 46

carpels split in half and seed is still bound. examples are carrots and dill

Question 47

aggregate fruits

Answer 47

multiple independent carpels. examples are blackberries, strawberries, raspberries

Question 48

multiple fruits

Answer 48

formed from more than one flower. example is pineapple, figs, osage orange fruit

Question 49

dispersal mechanisms of fruit

Answer 49

wind, animals, water, projection

Question 50

seed dormancy… what causes it

Answer 50

- thick seed coat - metabolic inhibitors… compounds in the seed that prevents sprouting. occurs in apple seeds - vernalization… waiting for spring

Question 51

dormancy lengths

Answer 51

some seeds can only live for a few years, but there are others that can live much longer like wheat and lotus. Lupin and catchfly can live the longest

Question 52

dormancy stages

Answer 52

1. gibberellins (GA) sends a signal to aleurone (parental cell) 2. aleurone secretes alpha amylase and other enzymes. amylase breaks down starch (radicle begins to pop out) 3. sugars and other nutrients are consumed (radicle growing)