Plant structures *

Question 1

What are the parts of the leaf, in order going down through the leaf

Answer 1

waxy cuticle
upper epidermis
palisade mesophyll
spongy mesophyll
lower epidermis
guard cells
stomata
waxy cuticle

Question 2

How is the upper epidermis adapted?

Answer 2

is thin and transparent allowing more light to reach the palisade cells

Question 3

How is the waxy cuticle adapted?

Answer 3

protects the leaf from infection and water loss

Question 4

How is the palisade mesophyll adapted?

Answer 4

contains chloroplasts and is located at the top of the cell to absorb more light and increase the rate of photosynthesis

Question 5

How is the spongy mesophyll adapted?

Answer 5

contains air spaces to allow gases to diffuse through the leaf

Question 6

What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis?

Answer 6

light intensity, temperature, CO2 concentration

Question 7

What is the word and chemical equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 7

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose and oxygen

6CO2 + 6H20 –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 8

What is transpiration?

Answer 8

when water and mineral ions travel up through the xylem using transpiration stream

Question 9

What is the xylem made of?

Answer 9

dead cells

Question 10

What is translocation?

Answer 10

when sucrose and amino acids move up and down the phloem in the plant, to be used or stored, using active transport

Question 11

What does the phloem contain?

Answer 11

sieve cells

Question 12

How does the stomata open?

Answer 12

water enters the guard cells and they become swollen/turgid causing them to open

Question 13

How are root cells adapted to absorb water and mineral ions?

Answer 13

they have a large surface area to increase the rate of absorption of water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport
they contain lots of mitochondria to provide energy for active transport