Cell division & growth (coordination and control) * Flashcards
What is Mitosis?
when body cells divide as part of the cell cycle
What happens in interphase?
- cell grows
- increases amount of organelles
- copies DNA
What happens in prophase?
- chromosomes condense
- nuclear membrane breaks down
What happens in metaphase?
- chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell
What happens in anaphase?
- spindle fibres pull chromosomes apart
What happens in telophase?
- membranes form around each set of chromosomes to form two new nuclei
What is cytokenesis?
when the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to create two separate cells
What is the order in which mitosis happens?
1 interphase
2 prophase
3 metaphase
4 anaphase
5 telophase
6 cytokinesis
What is cell differentiation?
(very important for multicellular organisms to work efficiently)
when a cell changes to become specialised for it’s job
How do plants grow?
using cell division and cell elongation
What is cell elongation?
when cells expand
How can cell division cause cancer?
when there is a change in the gene controlling cell division, the cells can start to divide uncontrollably
What is a percentile chart used for?
to show a child’s growth in an overall pattern
How are percentile charts set out?
they are sectioned into percentiles which show the percentage of children at a certain height/weight
What are stem cells?
undifferentiated cells that divide to produce new undifferentiated cells, which can then differentiate into specialised cells
