Health and disease

Question 1

What is Ficks law?

Answer 1

rate of diffusion is proportional to : surface area x difference in concentration / length of diffusion path
(membrane thickness)

Question 2

The Lungs

Fill the gaps :

Inhaling -

• the diaphragm moves ____ and ________
• intercostal muscles ______ (ribs move __ and ___)
• volume of chest cavity ________
• pressure in chest cavity ________
• air moves __
• the lungs _______

Answer 2

• the diaphragm moves down and flattens
• intercostal muscles contract (ribs move up and out)
• volume of chest cavity increases
• pressure in chest cavity decreases
• air moves in
• the lungs inflate

Question 3

The Lungs

Fill the gaps :

Exhaling -

• the diaphragm _____ __
• intercostal muscles ______ (ribs move ____ again)
• volume of chest cavity ________
• pressure in chest cavity ________
• air moves ___
• the lungs _______

Answer 3

• the diaphragm bends up
• intercostal muscles relax (ribs down again)
• volume of chest cavity decreases
• pressure in chest cavity increases
• air moves out
• the lungs deflate

Question 4

Name the 10 parts of the lungs

Answer 4

larynx
trachea
pleaural membrane
alveoli
bronchioles
bronchus
diaphragm
lung
rib
intercostal muscles

Question 5

How does oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of the alveoli?

Answer 5

by diffusion

Question 6

What does adrenaline do?

How does it work?

Answer 6

prepares the body for rapid activity

adrenaline is released into the blood and binds to specific receptors on the heart which makes it pump faster

Question 7

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 7

When we respire anaerobically, lactic acid builds up in our muscles which is poisonous and needs to be broken down
This means after exercise our body will keep using oxygen to break down this lactic acid in our muscles

Question 8

What are cardiovascular diseases? (CVD)

Answer 8

conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels

non-communicable

Question 9

What is obesity?

Answer 9

when a person has a large quantity of fat around their organs

Question 10

Which three types of fat are linked to CVD?

Answer 10

visceral fat (organ fat)
saturated fat (food)
abdominal fat

Question 11

List the three health indicators

Which two are better?

Answer 11

BMI
body fat percentage
waist to hip ratio

body fat percentage and waist to hip ratio are more accurate

Question 12

How does smoking affect the cardiovascular system?

Answer 12

can deposit fat in arteries

Question 13

Why is a fat/plaque build up in arteries, and specifically the coronary artery, dangerous?

Answer 13

• reduced blood flow
• less oxygen reaching the heart
• less respiration
• muscles contract less

Question 14

What are three procedures that can cure CVD?

Answer 14

life-long medication
surgical procedures
lifestyle changes

Question 15

What are pros and cons of life-long medication?

Answer 15

pros : don’t need surgery, less risk

cons : expensive, possible side effects, side effects

Question 16

What are cons of surgical procedures?

Answer 16

high risk

could be expensive

Question 17

What are pros and cons of lifestyle change?

Answer 17

pros : no risk

cons : gradual solution, may not be as effective

Question 18

What is malnutrition?

What is the related deficiency disease?

Answer 18

a person doesn’t eat the right foods and doesn’t get enough nutrients
scurvy, vitamin C

Question 19

What is kwashiorkor?

Answer 19

deficiency of protein

causes swelling on the stomach where water has gathered

Question 20

What is scurvy?

Answer 20

vitamin C deficiency

bleeding gums and mouth

Question 21

What is rickets?

Answer 21

calcium or vitamin D deficiency

bones stay soft and bend under weight of the body

Question 22

What is anoemia?

Answer 22

deficiency of iron, red blood cells

causes tiredness

Question 23

How do you calculate BMI?

Answer 23

BMI = weight in kg / height² in m

Question 24

What are liver diseases caused by?

Answer 24

drinking alcohol

Question 25

What does smoking do to the body?

Answer 25

lung disease and cancer