Plant Structure & Function Vocab Flashcards
Non-Vascular Tissue:
Lacks tube-like structures and use other ways to move water and substances throughout the plant.
Vascular Tissue
Plant tissue that runs the length of the plant and is used to transport water and nutrients including roots, stems, and leaves.
Seeded Plants
Plants that form seeds (Gymnosperms/Angiosperms)
Non-Seeded Plants
Plants that form from m spores (moss)
Gymnosperms
Plants that DO NOT grow flowers and have exposed seeds (cone-bearing plants)
Angiosperms
Plants that DO grow flowers and that have seeds that are usually protected in fruit
Roots
Vascular tissue that functions to transport water; anchors plants; holds upright to protect against wind and rain; protects fungus and bacteria.
Stem
Supports the leaves and branches; transports water from the roots to leaves; transports products from photosynthesis from leaves to roots to other parts of the plant.
Leaves
Site of photosynthesis. Protect against water loss. Allow gases and water to enter and exit the cell.
Guard Cells
Cells located on either side of the stoma; control stoma
Stoma/Stomata
Opening on the lower surface of the leaf through which water and gases can pass.
Autotrophs
Organisms capable of obtaining and producing their own energy. Also called producers. (Plants;Cyanobacteria)
Hetertrophs
Organisms that rely on other organisms for their food and energy. (Animals, Fungi, Bacteria)
Annuals
Plants that complete their life cycle in one year.
Biennials
Plants that complete their life cycle within 2 years.
Perennials
Plants that complete their life cycle in more than two years.
Xylem
Vascular tissue that transports water through stem to other parts of plant.
Pholem
Vascular tissue that transports food through the stem to other parts of the plant.
Photosynthesis
The process the plant uses to convert energy from the sun into chemical energy (food). It occurs in the chloroplast. Sunlight +CO2+H2O=Glucose +Oxygen
Cellular Respiration
The process of breaking down glucose to produce ATP energy. Respiration can also be aerobic or anaerobic. Occurs in the mitochondria in eukaryotes or cytoplasm in prokaryotes. Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water
Aerobic Respiration
The process through which cells break down sugars to generate ATP energy in the presence of oxygen. It occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotes and the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
Anaerobic Respiration
The process through which cells break down sugars to generate ATP energy in the absence of oxygen. Occurs in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes or eukaryotes. It is also called ¨glycolysis¨.
Fermentation
An anaerobic in which energy can be released from glucose in the absence of oxygen. It occurs in yeast or bacteria. The products of fermentation are ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Transpiration
Process plant uses to get rid of excess water where the water is transported from the roots, up through the stem and to leaves where it exits the stoma and evaporates.
