Hormones Flashcards
Hormone
Chemical messenger released into the blood stream by endocrine glands, and that affects specific target cells.
Endocrine system
Organ like structure that releases hormones into the blood.
Exocrine gland
Organ like structure that releases substancesd (oil, tears, sweat) to be eliminated from the cell surface.
Target cell
A cell that has receptors specific for hormones to bind.
Receptor
Structure found on a cells surface that is used for communicating with other cells or chemcial messangers.
Hypothalamus
Part of the brain responsible for controlling the pituitary.
Estrogen
Produces in ovary; responsible for the development of secondary sex characteristics in females and regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Pituitary
¨Master¨ endocrine gland that is responsible for secreting hormones that are involved with many bodily processes.
Progesterone
Hormone responsible for maintaining uterine lining.
Testosterone
Stimulates sperm production in the testes of males.
Secondary sexual characteristics
Characteristics that develop on set of puberty: breast development, hair growth, widening of hips (female), lower voice (male), muscle development.
Fat-soluble steroid
To be able to be dissolved in fat.
Steroid
Fat-soluble sex hormones. (Testosterone, estrogen, progesterone.)
Anabolic steroid
Man-made chemical that mimics the effect of steroids to increase muscle mass.
Menstrual cycle
28 day cycle where uterus sheds tissue and blood
Endometrium
Lining of the uterus
Follicle
Egg sac
Ovulation
Refers to the releasing of the egg from the follicle.
FSH
Follicle stimulation hormone. Stimulates production of follicle and menstruation of egg in the ovary.
LH
Luteinising hormone. Stimulates the release of the egg from follicle.;
Feedback mechanism
A system that helps to regulate body function to return the body to homeostasis.
Negative feedback
A system that regulates and maintains homeostasis through inhibiting a process from occurring. Ex: Glucose-Insulin
Positive feedback
A system that the body uses to amplify an action until an outcome is achieved.
Inhibition
To stop
