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Living environment > Enzymes and macromolecules > Flashcards

Enzymes and macromolecules Flashcards

1
Q

What is the organization of life?

A

Atom-Molecule-Organelle-Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ system-Organism

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2
Q

What are the four groups of macromolecules?

A

Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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3
Q

Whats the function of a protein?

A
  1. storage: albumin
  2. transport: Hemogoblin
  3. regulatory: Hormones
  4. movement: Muscles
  5. structural: Membranes (hair)
  6. enzymes: celluar reactions.
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4
Q

Different forms of a protein?

A

Primary- amino acids bonded by peptide bonds
Secondary: 3-D folding arrangement of the primary structure onto coils and pleats held together y hydrogen bonds.
Tertiary: Secondary structures bent and folded into the more complex 3-D arrangement of linked polypeptides.
Quarternary: structure composed of 2 or more subunits.

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5
Q

Carbs funtion?

A

provide energy

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6
Q

Carb types

A

Monosaccharide- one sugar unit (glucose)
Disaccharide- two sugar untis (glucose)
Polysaccharides- Multiple sugar units.

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7
Q

Lipids function?

A

Storage of long term energy.

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8
Q

Functions of lipids?

A
  1. protection against heat loss
  2. protection against physical shock
  3. Protection agianst water loss
  4. Chemical messangers
  5. Major component of membranes
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9
Q

Examples of lipids?

A
  1. fats
  2. phospholipids
  3. oils
  4. waste
  5. steroid hormone
  6. triglycerides.
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10
Q

What are tryglycerides?

A

Composed of ine glycerol and 3 fatty acids.

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11
Q

How are macromolecules formed?

A

Dehydration synthesis.

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12
Q

How are macromolecules digested?

A

Hydrolysis.

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13
Q

Enzymes funtion?

A

Speed up chemical reactions

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14
Q

what is the effect of extreme temps on enzymes?

A

high tempatures unfold enzymes

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15
Q

WHat is the effect of extreme pH on enzymes?

A

Denatures enzyme.

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16
Q

What are cofactors for?

A

Needed for proper function

17
Q

What are competitive inhibitors?

A

Blocks active site from substrate.

18
Q

Non competitve inhibitor?

A

attachtes to enzyme NOT at active site which alters the shape of the enzyme changing the shape of the active site, this changes the function of an enzyme.

19
Q

What is the lock and Key concpet?

A

The enzyme has to fit perfectly with a substrate in order for it to perfrom a specific function.

20
Q

Optimium ranges for enzamatic function?

A

Ph- 6-8
Temp- different for different enzymes in different organisms or substances, but for humans 98.6.

21
Q

Making conncections Key points?

A

Body systems work together in order to maintain homeoastasis.

22
Q

Pulse rate?

A

Measures how much blood is being pumped from the heart to the blood vessels.

23
Q

What happens to the body when more exercise is perfromed?

A

Heartrate increases and breathing increases.

24
Q

What happens when oxygen is inhaled?

A

Oxygen is inhaled through the lungs and carried by blodd vessels to tissues and organs, Blood removes waste like CO2 from muscles and tissues.

25
Q

Independent varible

A

variable being tested

26
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable that changes in response to the independent varible.

27
Q

Controlled variable

A

held constant

28
Q

Controlled experiment

A

experiment containing only one independent varible

29
Q

Bar graph

A

SHows averages

30
Q

line graph

A

shows relationships

31
Q

pH

A

measure of hydrogen ions in a substance

32
Q

Graphing key points

A

x axis ind. V
y axis DV

33
Q

Chemical indicators for simple sugars?

A

Benedicts solution + heat is light blue - positive result is green/yellow/orange

34
Q

CHemical indicator for complex carbs?

A

Iodine/lugols solution brown-yellow-postitive result is blue/ black color

35
Q

Fats and lipids chemical indicator?

A

Brown paper bag brown- postitive result is transluscent grease stain

36
Q

Protiens chemical indicator

A

Buriets solution blue/violet- postitive result is light purple.

Living environment (12 decks)

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