Enzymes and macromolecules Flashcards
What is the organization of life?
Atom-Molecule-Organelle-Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ system-Organism
What are the four groups of macromolecules?
Lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Whats the function of a protein?
- storage: albumin
- transport: Hemogoblin
- regulatory: Hormones
- movement: Muscles
- structural: Membranes (hair)
- enzymes: celluar reactions.
Different forms of a protein?
Primary- amino acids bonded by peptide bonds
Secondary: 3-D folding arrangement of the primary structure onto coils and pleats held together y hydrogen bonds.
Tertiary: Secondary structures bent and folded into the more complex 3-D arrangement of linked polypeptides.
Quarternary: structure composed of 2 or more subunits.
Carbs funtion?
provide energy
Carb types
Monosaccharide- one sugar unit (glucose)
Disaccharide- two sugar untis (glucose)
Polysaccharides- Multiple sugar units.
Lipids function?
Storage of long term energy.
Functions of lipids?
- protection against heat loss
- protection against physical shock
- Protection agianst water loss
- Chemical messangers
- Major component of membranes
Examples of lipids?
- fats
- phospholipids
- oils
- waste
- steroid hormone
- triglycerides.
What are tryglycerides?
Composed of ine glycerol and 3 fatty acids.
How are macromolecules formed?
Dehydration synthesis.
How are macromolecules digested?
Hydrolysis.
Enzymes funtion?
Speed up chemical reactions
what is the effect of extreme temps on enzymes?
high tempatures unfold enzymes
WHat is the effect of extreme pH on enzymes?
Denatures enzyme.
What are cofactors for?
Needed for proper function
What are competitive inhibitors?
Blocks active site from substrate.
Non competitve inhibitor?
attachtes to enzyme NOT at active site which alters the shape of the enzyme changing the shape of the active site, this changes the function of an enzyme.
What is the lock and Key concpet?
The enzyme has to fit perfectly with a substrate in order for it to perfrom a specific function.
Optimium ranges for enzamatic function?
Ph- 6-8
Temp- different for different enzymes in different organisms or substances, but for humans 98.6.
Making conncections Key points?
Body systems work together in order to maintain homeoastasis.
Pulse rate?
Measures how much blood is being pumped from the heart to the blood vessels.
What happens to the body when more exercise is perfromed?
Heartrate increases and breathing increases.
What happens when oxygen is inhaled?
Oxygen is inhaled through the lungs and carried by blodd vessels to tissues and organs, Blood removes waste like CO2 from muscles and tissues.
