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Living environment > Cell Unit Test > Flashcards

Cell Unit Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is the organization of life from smallest to largest?

A

Atom, Molecule, Organelle, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism, Population, Community, , Ecosystem, and Biosphere.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of life?

A
  • Was organized into atoms(made of elements);molecules (which formed proteins
    -Contains genetic material DNA
  • Ability to reproduce asexually or sexually
  • Maintain homeostasis
  • Evolve overtime as a species
  • Made up of at least one cell
  • Obtain and use materials for energy
  • Grow and developed
  • Respond to the environment
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3
Q

What is the Modern Cell Theory?

A
  • All cells are from pre-existing cells
  • The cells of all living things carry on similar chemical activities
  • All cells carry on their metabolic activities in organelles
  • Cells are the basic units of function and structure in an organism.
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4
Q

When did the first life form evolve?

A

3.5 -3.8 bya

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5
Q

Prokaryote VS Eukaryote

A

Prokaryotes: Bacteria are a form of them, they are unicellular, No nucleus so DNA is stored in the cytoplasm, contains the cell wall, ribosomes come from DNA,

Eukaryotes: Contains a nucleus, and DNA is stored in the nucleus, Animal and plant cells are the two types, contain membrane-bound organelles, Body cells are made from them, and fungi, contain ribosomes, and protists are also eukaryotes, only plant cells contain cell wall.

Both: Contain ribosomes, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.

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6
Q

Multicellular def?

A

Composed of more than one cell that are organized into tissues, etc.

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7
Q

Maintaining homeostasis?

A

Unicellular- Grow, respond to the environment, transform energy, and reproduce.

Multicellular- Cells are specialized for particular tasks and communicate with each other

Both- the organelles in both eukaryote and prokaryote cells help to maintain homeostasis.

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8
Q

What is the contractile vacuole?

A
  • Regulates water intake by pumping out excess
    -Keeps cells from bursting
    -Found in unicellular protists
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9
Q

Bacteria (prokaryotes) maintaining homeostasis?

A
  • Can make proteins to help stop the negative effects of a change in PH of temperature
  • Responds to the environment
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10
Q

Control

A

An experiment that remains the same or unchanged

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11
Q

Controlled variable

A

Variable that is being held constant in an experiment.

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12
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable that is being manipulated in an experiment

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13
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable that changes in response to the independent variable

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14
Q

What is the endosymbiotic Theory?

A
  • Some organelles within cells were at one time free-living cells themselves.
  • Some organelles had their own DNA (chloroplast & mitochondria)
  • Eukaryote cells started off as prokaryotes
  • The prokaryote’s cell membranes acted as endocytosis by flexing and bringing cell organelles into the cells, or the organelles acted as parasites and went into the cell and ended up living there.
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15
Q

What is the organization of the size of cells Biggest to Smallest?

A

Plant cell, Animal cell, Bacteria

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16
Q

What are microscope parts and their functions?

A

Ocular lens- To look through it is 10x magnification

Objective lens - adjusts the magnification

Stage- Where the slide rests in order to be seen by the microscope lens

Stage clips- To hold the slides in place.

Stage adjustment - Adjusts the position of the stage

Fine adjustment- used to focus the lens and or bring the stage up a little bit

Coarse adjustment- Adjusts the closeness of the stage to the lens/ focus

Diaphragm- Adjusts the amount of light being let through

17
Q

What are the two types of eukaryotes and their differences and similarities?

A

Plant cells and Animal cells.

Plant cells: rectangular in shape, contain cell walls, contain chloroplasts, contain large central vacuoles.

Animal cells: Round in shape, and no/very small vacuoles

Both: contain cell membrane, membrane-bound organelles, contain mitochondria, cytoplasm, nucleus/nucleolus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and ER

18
Q

How do you estimate cell size?

A

You estimate the number of cells you can fit across the FD and then divide FD/AMount of cells across.

19
Q

How do you calculate FD?

A

THE HIGHER THE MAG. THE LOWER THE FD

-From scanning to low the FD is divided by 2.5 from low to high the FD is divided by 4. `

20
Q

How do you calculate the total mag?

A

Multiply the ocular lens mag. by the objective lens mag.
Scanning- 4x
Low- 10x
High - 40x

21
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A
  • “Cell eating”
  • Engulfs large particles such as food, bacteria, etc. into vesicles
22
Q

what is Pinocytosis?

A

-Takes in DISSOLVED molecules as a vesicle.
-“Cell drinking”
- Materials dissolve in water to be brought into the cell.

23
Q

What is the Cell membrane?

A
  • Flexible barrier that controls the movement of molecules, gases, and ions in and out of the cell.
  • Porus/ semi-permeable
  • Made up of two layers of phospholipids
  • Each phospholipid has a hydrophilic water-loving head and a hydrophobic water-hating tail.
  • Phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded
  • Protein channels
  • Receptors
  • Glycoproteins act as markers for cell reignition
24
Q

What is the cell organization of life in a cell?

A

Atom, molecules, organelle, cell.

25
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is a type of diffusion specific to the movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low.

26
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low.

27
Q

What is active transport?

A

Transport of molecules AGAINST the concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high. Requires energy!

28
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Transport of molecules moving from an area of high concentration to low. Does not require energy!

29
Q

What is cytolysis?

A

Cells placed in distilled water solution will burst

30
Q

What is Plasmolysis?

A

Cells are placed in slat solution/ cells shrink and shrivel.

31
Q

What are hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic?

A

Hypertonic- cells will shrivel h2o moves out of cell

Hypotonic- Cells swell and eventually burst if animal cells, h2o moves into cell

Isotonic- water and solutes move both in and out of the cell. Balanced.

32
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

When the cell membrane flexes, surrounds one large particle or many small to bring them into the cell.

33
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

The cell membrane flexes and pushes one large or many small particles out of the cell.

Living environment (12 decks)

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