Plant Structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Tissue systems definition

A

Involve roots, stems, and leaves, which are organs. Each of these organs has Dermal, vascular, and ground tissue.

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2
Q

Dermal tissue

A

Covers and protects the plant

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3
Q

Vascular tissue

A

Supports the plant, and transports water and nutrients.

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4
Q

Ground tissue

A

Produces and stores food products. Helps with the physical support of the plant.

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5
Q

Epidermis definition

A

Single layer of cells in some plants. Is dermal tissue. In other plants, may have multiple layers and be covered with bark.

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6
Q

Cuticle

A

waxy coating on the surface of the epidermis

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7
Q

what does dermal tissue in roots include

A

root hair cells

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8
Q

Root hair cells

A

Increase surface area of roots so that more water can be absorbed

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9
Q

What is vascular tissue made up of

A

xylem and phloem

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10
Q

Xylem

A

Contains vessel elements and transports water.

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11
Q

What happens when xylem dies. What does this allow for.

A

The cell walls at both ends of the vessel elements are left with slitlike openings. This allows water to move more easily.

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12
Q

What is left when tracheids die. What does said thing contain, and what does what said thing contains do.

A

Only the cell walls. The cell walls contain lignin. Lignin is water resistant and helps give wood its strength.

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13
Q

What do the pits of tracheids do.

A

Help water diffuse into the surrounding area.

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14
Q

Phloem

A

Have sieve tube elements and transport nutrients and carbohydrates.

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15
Q

What is phloem like at maturity.

A

At maturity, phloem will have lost its nuclei and most of its organelles.

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16
Q

How is phloem arranged and what does this form?

A

Phloem is arranged end to end forming sieve tubes.

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17
Q

What are the ends of sieve tubes like, and why?

A

The ends of the sieve tubes are perforated, allowing nutrient to move from cell to cell.

18
Q

What are companion cells (in phloem)

A

At maturity they keep their nuclei and other organelles. They surround sieve tube elements and support phloem cells by helping materials move in and out of the phloem.

19
Q

Parenchyma cells

A

Type of ground tissue. Have thin cell walls. The central vacuole is surrounded by cytoplasm.

20
Q

What do parenchyma cells allow for in leaves?

A

Gas exchange and absorption of sunlight.

21
Q

Collenchyma Cells

A

Type of ground tissue. Have strong, flexible cell walls that help support the plant organs.

22
Q

Sclerenchyma cells

A

Type of ground tissue. Extremely thick, rigid cell walls.

23
Q

What are Meristems (apical meristems), what occurs there

A

Regions of unspecified cells, mitosis occurs there.

24
Q

Where are meristems found.

A

Places where the plant grows rapidly, like the tip of stems and roots.

25
Q

What are floral meristems

A

They produce the plants reproductive organs and petals.

26
Q

What do roots do?

A

Support plant, anchor plant in ground, store food, and absorb water and nutrients.

27
Q

2 main root systems

A

Tap roots and fibrous roots

28
Q

2 non main root systems

A

prop roots and areal roots

29
Q

What types of tissues do roots have?

A

Dermal, vascular, and ground tissues.

30
Q

What are roots surrounded by, and why.

A

The epidermis, for protection and absorption.

31
Q

What do root hair cells create for roots

A

a large surface area for water and mineral absorption.

32
Q

What does nutrient transport require

A

ATP energy

33
Q

Does absorption require energy.

A

Absorption requires no energy

34
Q

What is found in the vascular cylinder, and where is the vascular cylinder found.

A

xylem and phloem are found in the vascular cylinder. The vascular cylinder is found in the center of the root.

35
Q

What is in the center of the vascular cylinder. What is on the outside.

A

xylem is in the center. Phloem is on the outside.

36
Q

Endodermis

A

Layer of cells that surrounds the vascular cylinder.

37
Q

Casparian strip

A

Waterproof boundary where the cell walls of the endodermis meet. Keeps water moving in one direction only; into the vascular cylinder, and therefore the root.

38
Q

Cordex

A

Located between the endodermis and the vascular cylinder.

39
Q

Root cap

A

Protects the root tip as it moves through the soil.

40
Q

Root pressure

A

Helps water get from the root to the stem

41
Q

Order of water moving through the plant. What happens as more water enters the plant.

A

Water-> root hairs->cortex->vascular system->xylem
The water is forced upward through the xylem