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Science 9th grade > Finals chapter 8 > Flashcards

Finals chapter 8 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Robbert Hooke

A

Observed dead cork cells under the microscope. Gave cells their name

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2
Q

Anton van leewenhoek

A

First to look at living things under a microscope. Called what he saw in a drop of water animalcules because they reminded him of little animals.

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3
Q

Matthias Schleiden

A

Made many observations about plants. Stated that all plants are composed of one or more cells.

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4
Q

Theodor Schwann

A

Made many observations about animals. Stated that all animals are composed of one or more cells.

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5
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

Stated that all cells come from preexisting cells.

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6
Q

What are the 3 points in the cell theory?

A
  1. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all living things.
  2. All plants and animals are composed of one or more cells.
  3. All cells come from preexisting cells.
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7
Q

What are the requirements for something to be called a cell?

A

Must have a cell membrane.
Must have genetic material (DNA)
Must have cytoplasm

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8
Q

Prokaryote

A

Lacks a defined nucleus.
No membrane bound organelles.
Generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotes.

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9
Q

Eukaryote

A

Has a defined nucleus
Has membrane bound organelles
Generally larger and more complex than prokaryotes

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10
Q

Cell wall

A

Lies outside the cell membrane.
Provides support and protection.

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11
Q

What are plant cell walls made out of.

A

Cellulose

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12
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary information of DNA

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13
Q

Chromatin

A

The diffuse genetic material of a non-dividing cell. Made of DNA and protein.

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14
Q

Chromosomes

A

The condensed form of chromatin seen during cell division

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15
Q

Nucleolus

A

A small, dense region of the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins

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16
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

a double membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus. Is porous so that things can move in a out of the nucleus.

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17
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape. Also involved in many forms of cell movement as well as cell division.

18
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelles composed of RNA and protein that are the site of protein synthesis.

19
Q

Rough ER

A

Assembles components of the CM, modifies proteins, and transports materials around the cell.

20
Q

Smooth ER

A

Where the synthesis of lipids occurs

21
Q

Golgi apparatus (what does it attach)

A

Enzymes here attach carbohydrates and lipids to the proteins made by the rough ER

22
Q

Vacuoles

A

Small, saclike structures that store water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

23
Q

Vacuoles in plant cells

A

Plant cells usually have one large vacuole that stores liquid

24
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Only found in plants. Where photosynthesis occurs

25
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of cellular respiration

26
Q

Cell membrane

A

The outermost boundary of most cells that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

27
Q

Passive transport

A

Requires no energy. Is solely dependent on the difference in the concentration of materials.

28
Q

Diffusion

A

Random movement of materials from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

29
Q

Osmosis

A

A form of passive transport that is a means of the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane

30
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

A form of passive transport that requires proteins found in the transmembrane proteins

31
Q

Active transport

A

When materials move from areas of lesser concentration to areas of greater concentration.

32
Q

What does active transport require, and in what form

A

Requires energy in the form of ATP and transport proteins.

33
Q

What are cells like in multicellular organisms.

A

In multicellular organisms, cells are specialized to perform specific functions.

34
Q

What are the levels of organization?

A

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

35
Q

Cell

A

Smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions

36
Q

How are membranes modified

A

By instructions contained in the genetic material of the cell

37
Q

Diversity in eukaryotic organisms

A

Organelles become adapted to carry out specific functions

38
Q

Vesicle

A

Membrane pouch that is formed by the ER or Golgi apparatus. Transports materials through the cell towards the CM.

39
Q

Lysome

A

Involved in apoptosis, and is specialized to digest worn out cell parts or even the cell itself.

40
Q

Apoptois

A

Programmed cell death.

41
Q

Cilia

A

Short, numerous, hair-like extensions of the CM. Asist in movement of materials across the surface of the cell.

42
Q

Flagella

A

Long, whip-like extensions of the CM that assist in the movement of the cell.

Science 9th grade (10 decks)

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