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Science 9th grade > Finals-Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Finals-Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mass

A

amount of matter in an object

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2
Q

Weight

A

measure of the force of gravity acting upon an object

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3
Q

What is the difference between mass and weight

A

Mass always stays the same, weight can change depending on the force of gravity

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4
Q

Matter

A

must take up space and have mass

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5
Q

Element

A

a pure substance that consists of only one atom. Simplest kind of matter that can exist under ordinary laboratory conditions.

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6
Q

Isotopes

A

atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

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7
Q

Compounds

A

two or more different elements chemically combined in a definite ratio by mass

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8
Q

Properties of elements that make up a compound VS the compound itself

A

The properties of the elements which make up a compound differ from the properties of the compound itself

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9
Q

Chemical formula

A

a shorthand way of representing the events of a chemical reaction

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10
Q

Chemical bonds

A

hold the atoms of a compound together

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11
Q

Ionic bonds

A

involve the transfer of electrons between atoms

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12
Q

Covalent bonds

A

involve sharing of electrons between atoms

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13
Q

Van der Waals forces

A

weak forces of attraction that can hold molecules together

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14
Q

Intermolecular forces of attraction

A

the forces that bind atoms within a molecule

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15
Q

Molecule and what holds it together

A

a group of atoms held together by a covalent bond

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16
Q

Chemical reaction

A

the process that changes, or transforms one set of compounds into another.

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17
Q

Water

A

a polar molecule, and the most abundant substance on earth. Found in all living things.

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18
Q

polar molecule

A

has regions of positive and negative charge

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19
Q

Cohesion

A

attraction between molecules of the same substance

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20
Q

What does cohesion cause in water

A

Causes water to have surface tension and resist tears

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21
Q

Adhesion

A

attraction between molecules of different substances

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22
Q

What does adhesion contribute to

A

It contributes to capillary action

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23
Q

Capilary action

A

the ability of liquid to travel up narrow tubes against gravity due to surface tension

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24
Q

Mixtures

A

material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together, but not chemically combined

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25
Q

Solution

A

a homogeneous mixture where all parts are distributed evenly.

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26
Q

Solvent

A

does the dissolving

27
Q

Solute

A

part that gets dissolved

28
Q

Suspensions

A

mixtures of water and nondisolved materials

29
Q

Acidic

A

has a value less than 7 on the PH scale

30
Q

Basic

A

has a value greater than 7 on the PH scale

31
Q

Buffers

A

weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes in PH level

31
Q

Pure water

A

is neutral, and is not a solution because nothing is dissolved in it

32
Q

Carbon

A

can bond with up to 4 other atoms, and can form many different structures. Is the basis for all biologically important molecules.

33
Q

Hydrolysis

A

when water breaks a chemical bond

33
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

when a molecule of water is lost so that other substances can be combined

34
Q

Atom

A

basic unit of matter

35
Q

Electron

A

negatively charged particle, much smaller than a proton

36
Q

Carbohydrates

A

made of C, H and O. Used as energy storage molecules and structural molecules.

37
Q

Monomer

A

A molecule that can react with other monomers to form polymers

38
Q

Polymer

A

a large chain formed by bonding together many monomers

39
Q

Cellulose

A

a polysaccharide that makes up the CWs of plants

40
Q

Lipids

A

Are used as energy storage molecules, and for cell membranes.

41
Q

What are some examples of lipids

A

Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids

42
Q

Saturated

A

full of hydrogen

43
Q

Unsaturated

A

one or more double bonds, so they are not fully hydrogen

44
Q

what are Nucleic acids made of

A

Made of a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base

45
Q

What Nucleic acids are found in DNA

A

adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine

46
Q

What Nucleic acids are found in RNA

A

adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil

47
Q

Compare DNA and RNA

A

DNA’s 5-C sugar is deoxyribose. RNA’s is ribose
DNA is double stranded. RNA is single stranded.
DNA had T, RNA has U

48
Q

Proteins
What do they act as?
What do they Give?
What do they Store?
what are they Part of?

A

Act as enzymes, give structural support, store nutrients, and are part of cell membranes and hormones

49
Q

What is the monomer of proteins

A

Monomer is an amino acid

50
Q

How many different types of amino acids are there

A

There are 20 different types of amino acids

51
Q

Functional group

A

makes each amino acid different

52
Q

Primary level

A

corresponds to the order of the amino acids in the protein chain

53
Q

Secondary level

A

corresponds to the twisting or folding of amino acids in the chain at repeated intervals

54
Q

Endothermic reactions

A

absorb energy from the environment in order to occur

54
Q

Quaretary level

A

corresponds to the interactions of up to four separate protein chains to make a functional protein

54
Q

Teritary level

A

corresponds to the folding of the protein chain itself

55
Q

Exothermic reactions

A

release energy to the environment as they occur

56
Q

Activation energy

A

the minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction to begin

57
Q

Enzymes

A

lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction

58
Q

Protein catalysts

A

substances that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction

59
Q

Enzymes are _______ catalysts

A

Enzymes are protein catalysts

60
Q

What are protein catalysts specific to

A

They are specific for the regions that they catalyze

Science 9th grade (10 decks)

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