Mr. Mateki Third test

Question 1

What sort of cell does meiosis start with, and what sort of cells does it end up with.

Answer 1

Starts with a diploid cell and ends up with 4 haploid cells.
After the original cell, every cell after that is haploid

Question 2

Interphase in meiosis 1

Answer 2

cells undergo a round of DNA replication, forming duplicate chromosomes

Question 3

Prophase 1 in meiosis 1

Answer 3

each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologues chromosome to form a tetrad. Crossing over of genes occurs

Question 4

Tetrad

Answer 4

a diploid cell with two sister chromatids

Question 5

Crossing over

Answer 5

after tetrads are made, crossing over occurs. The chromatids of the homologous chromosomes cross over one another. Crossing over produces new combinations of alleles on each chromatid.

Question 6

Metaphase 1 in meiosis 1

Answer 6

spindle fibers attach to the chromosome

Question 7

Anaphase 1 in meiosis 1

Answer 7

the spindle fibers pull the homologous chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell

Question 8

Telophase 1 and cytokinesis in meiosis 1

Answer 8

nuclear membranes form. The cell separates into two cells.

Question 9

What is the end product of meiosis

Answer 9

at the end of Meiosis II 4 cells are produced, each with 23 chromosomes. All are different, and will never be produced again.

Question 10

Independent assortment

Answer 10

the variation of chromosomes, or genetic information, during sex cell division. Allows for genetic differentiation in offspring.

Question 11

Prophase II in miosis II

Answer 11

meiosis I results in two haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell

Question 12

Metaphase II in miosis II

Answer 12

the chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of mitosis

Question 13

Anaphase II in miosis II

Answer 13

the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite ends of cell

Question 14

Telophase II and cytokinesis in miosis II

Answer 14

meiosis II results in 4 haploid daughter cells

Question 15

In which stage of meiosis do chromosomes divide?

Answer 15

Meiosis 1

Question 16

Differentiation

Answer 16

how cells become specialized

Question 17

Are differentiated cells different from the original cell that produced it

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

How are differentiated cells specialized

Answer 18

Differentiated cells are specialized to perform certain jobs

Question 19

Totipotent

Answer 19

having the ability to develop into all the tissues of the body

Question 20

Pluripotent

Answer 20

able to develop into all the body’s cell types, but not capable of developing into the tissues surrounding the embryo

Question 21

Embryo

Answer 21

an organism in its early stage of development

Question 22

Stem cells

Answer 22

unspecialized cells from which differentiated cells develop.

Question 23

Blastocyst

Answer 23

a human embryo forms into a blastocyst, a hollow ball of cells with a cluster of cells inside known as the inner cell mass

Question 24

Blastocyst

Answer 24

an ion pump that creates electrochemical gradient. In the plasma membrane

Question 25

U

Answer 25

Uracell

Question 26

Polymerase

Answer 26

reads, transcribes, and replicates DNA

Question 27

Genetics

Answer 27

the scientific study of heredity

Question 28

Fertilization

Answer 28

the process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

Question 29

Trait

Answer 29

a specific characteristic of an individual

Question 30

Gene

Answer 30

a factor that is passed from parent to offspring

Question 31

Allele

Answer 31

one of a number of different forms of a gene

Question 32

Principle of dominance

Answer 32

states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Question 33

In which stage of meiosis do chromatids divide?

Answer 33

meiosis II