Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Science 9th grade > Mr. Mateki second test > Flashcards

Mr. Mateki second test Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why do cells not keep growing infinitely, and reproduce instead?
In regards to the species as a whole

A

To reduce the possibility that an entire species fails, because if there is only 1 huge cell and it dies, there goes the species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why do cells not keep growing infinitely, and reproduce instead?
In regards to DNA

A

The larger a cell becomes the more demands it has on its DNA. If a cell grew too large, the result would be “information overload”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why do cells not keep growing infinitely, and reproduce instead?
In regards to surface area/volume.

A

The volume of a cell grows faster than its surface area. Therefore, a large cell has trouble moving enough food in and enough waste out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Cell division (mitosis) definition

A

when a cell divides into two new daughter cells.
- copy of DNA is made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

a process by which a single parent reproduces by itself
- offspring have the same genetic information as the parent
(can be done by single or multicellular organisms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Advantages of asexual reproduction

A

Much simpler and faster than sexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

A

lack of genetic diversity can become a disadvantage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sexual reproduction(Meiosis)

A

a process by which two cells from different parents fuse, or join together, to produce the first cell of a new organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Advantages of sexual reproduction

A

produces genetic diversity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

A

takes more time than asexual reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Male gamete

A

sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Female gamete

A

egg/oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chromosomes

A

each molecule of DNA is packaged into a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do chromosomes help with cell division

A

Chromosomes make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

P arm definition

A

The short arm of a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Q arm definition

A

The long arm of a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Centromere definition

A

The center of a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Nucleotides (bases)

A

code for genes

20
Q

DNA sequence

A

every DNA sequence corresponds to one of the 20 amino acids. The sequence is different in every person.

21
Q

Prokaryotic Chromosomes

A

Usually, their genetic material is contained in a single, circle shaped chromosome. The DNA molecules of Prokaryotes are found in the cytoplasm.

22
Q

Eukaryotic Chromosomes

A

because eukaryotes have much more DNA than prokaryotes, the cells in our body have 46 chromosomes. These are contained in the nucleus.

23
Q

Chromatid

A

the condensed form of DNA.

24
Q

When does DNA condense

A

DNA condenses when it is associated with histones.

25
Q

Chromatin

A

short sequence that makes up chromatid

26
Q

Spindle fibers

A

help separate duplicated chromosomes

27
Q

Histones definition and how many

A

there are 8 histones. Allow DNA to coil in a systematic and organized way.

28
Q

Active transport

A

when we actively pump something out. Takes energy.

29
Q

What happens to animals if they are put in a different environment

A

They will die

30
Q

What is humanities biggest strength?

A

the ability to adapt

31
Q

G1 phase of interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle

A

cell growth. Proteins are made.

32
Q

S (synthesis) phase of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle

A

DNA replication. DNA is doubled

33
Q

G2 phase of interphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle

A

preparation for mitosis. Organelles are doubled.

34
Q

Mitosis definition in the eukaryotic cell cycle

A

Cell division, both cells are identical. Starts with a diploid cell and ends up with 2 diploid cells.

35
Q

Prophase in the eukaryotic cell cycle

A

Nuclear envelope is dissolved. Ends with DNA floating in cytoplasm. Centrioles are formed, and centrioles migrate to opposite sides

36
Q

Metaphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle

A

Centrioles have finished migrating. Chromosomes line up in the middle.

37
Q

Anaphase in the eukaryotic cell cycle

A

Individual chromosomes are pulled to either side by the centrioles.

38
Q

Cytokinesis

A

when the cells actually separate

39
Q

External regulators

A

proteins that respond to events outside the cell

40
Q

Growth factors

A

important external regulators

41
Q

What type of proteins control the cell cycle when you have an injury?

A

Growth factor proteins control the cell cycle when you have an injury.

42
Q

Internal regulators

A

proteins that respond to events inside the cell. They control stages of the cell.

43
Q

What controls the cell cycle

A

The cell cycle is controlled by regulatory proteins, both inside and outside the cell

44
Q

Cancer

A

a disorder that shows what happens when cell growth is not controlled

45
Q

What causes cancer

A

damage to a cell’s DNA

46
Q

Tumor definition

A

A mass of cancer cells.

47
Q

Treatments for cancer

A

Doctors can remove tumors with surgery if they are found early

They can also use chemotherapy, which treats cancer with chemical compounds

Science 9th grade (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions