plant reproduction

Question 1

asexual reproduction

Answer 1

a process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent

Question 2

sexual reproduction

Answer 2

a process involving the fusion of a nuclei of 2 gametes to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other.

Question 3

gamete

Answer 3

a sex cell, with half the chromosomes (23) whose fuses with nucleus of another gamete during sexual reproduction
are made when cells in reproductive organs divide

Question 4

fertilisation

Answer 4

the fusion of the nulcei of two gametes

Question 5

zygote

Answer 5

a cell that is formed by the fusion of 2 gametes. has a full number of chromosomes (46)

Question 6

female gametes in plants

Answer 6

a nulceus inside an ovule

Question 7

male gametes in plants

Answer 7

inside pollen grains

Question 8

diploid

Answer 8

having two complete sets of chromosomes
zygotes

Question 9

haploid

Answer 9

having only a single set of chromosomes
gametes

Question 10

mitosis

Answer 10

division of a cell nucleus resulting in two genetically identical nuclei.
asexual reproduction

Question 11

meiosis

Answer 11

division of diploid nucleus resulting in four genetically different haploid nuclei; this is sometimes called a reduction division
gametes are made this way
sexual reproduction

Question 12

what is the function of a flower

Answer 12

to make gametes and to ensure that fertilisation takes place.

Question 13

sepals

Answer 13

leaf-like structures that form a ring outside the petals of a flower
protect the flower when it is a bulb

Question 14

petals

Answer 14

coloured structures that attract insects or birds to a flower
have guidelines which guide the insect to the nectary.

Question 15

stamens

Answer 15

the male parts of the flower

Question 16

filament

Answer 16

the stalk of the stamen

Question 17

anther

Answer 17

the structure at the top of a stamen, inside which pollen grains are made

Question 18

pollen grains

Answer 18

small structures which contain the male gametes of a flower.

Question 19

where are the female parte in a plant/flower located

Answer 19

in the center

Question 20

carpel

Answer 20

the female part of a flower

Question 21

ovary

Answer 21

the part of the flower that holds the ovule

Question 22

ovules

Answer 22

small structures that contain the female gametes

Question 23

style

Answer 23

the part of a carpel that connects the stigma to the ovary

Question 24

stigma

Answer 24

the part of the flower that recieves the pollen

Question 25

pollen

Answer 25

looks like fine powder
often yellow
pollen grains from different flowers can have different shapes (spiky, smooth)
surrounded by a hard coat, protects male gamete

Question 26

pollination

Answer 26

the transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant to the female part
carried out by insects of wind

Question 27

insect pollinated flower

Answer 27

large, conspicuous petals often with guide-lines
strongly scented
have nectaries at the base of petals
anthers inside flower, where insect has to brush past them to reach
stigma inside flower, where insect has to brush past it to the nectar
sticky of spiky pollen grains, which stick to insects
quite large quantities of pollen made, because some will be eaten or delivered to the wrong flower

Question 28

wind pollinated flower

Answer 28

small, inconspicuous petals, or no petals at all
no scent
no nectaries
anthers dangle outside the flower, where they can catch the wind
stigmas large and feathery and dangle outside, where pollen could land on it
smooth, light pollen which can be blown by the wind
very large quantities, because most will be lost

Question 29

self pollitination

Answer 29

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or a different flower on the same plant
sexual reproduction
produces less genetic variation

Question 30

cross pollination

Answer 30

the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower on a different plant but same species
sexual reproduction

Question 31

seed

Answer 31

the structure that develops from an ovule after fertilisation it contain an embryo plant

Question 32

dormant

Answer 32

inactive with metabolic reactions taking place very slowly or not at all
can survive harsh environments
this is useful because there is no water available for it to grow

Question 33

advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 33

if a plant is well adapted to their environment and can survive there then then their offspring will too
does not need to wait to be pollinated or wait for a mate
if farmers want the exact same flower over and over again then this reproduction is the best

Question 34

advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 34

the seeds spread out from the parent plant, this means that the plants won’t be competing for space and they can colonize new spaces
if a new disease comes then the offspring might be able to survive since it is not genetically the same meaning that not all plants will die.
if the farmer wants to produce.a different colour of the same plant then sexual reproduction is used