biological molecules Flashcards
what element present in all biological molecules
carbon
carbohydrates
include starch, sugar (glucose) and cellulose made of C H O
one molecule contains x2 more H
starch
the simplest carbohydrate
smallest molecules
sugars are soluble in water and taste sweet
glucose = sugar = hexagon shape
what are we made of
62% water
16% protein
16% fat
1% carbohydrates
5% other
<1% DNA
glucose
this is a form in which carbohydrates are transported in the human body
dissolves in blood stream which is delivered to every cell
monomer
single base unit glucose
respiration
glucose + oxygen –> CO2 + water + energy from ATP
glycogen
glucose molecules link into chains to form bigger molecules
in animals one larger molecule to glycogen
liver helps keep glucose levels in the blood steady
if there’s too much glucose it is stored in the form of glycogen
it is stored in liver cells can be broken down into glucose when needed again
starch in plants
in plants, glucose molecules are linked together differently to form starch
starch is formed in plant cells and can be broken down into glucose when the plant needs it.
you can detect starch using iodine solution
cellulose
plants make cellulose
cellulose molecules are also made of many glucose molecules in a chain ; form lines instead of coiling
cellulose is found in cell wall of cells
element present in lipids
C H O less
element present in carbs
C H O
element present in protein
C H O N
e.g of carbs in the body
starch, cellulose, glycogen
e.g. of lipids in the body
cell membrane, energy storage, insulin
