biological molecules

Question 1

what element present in all biological molecules

Answer 1

carbon

Question 2

carbohydrates

Answer 2

include starch, sugar (glucose) and cellulose made of C H O
one molecule contains x2 more H

Question 3

starch

Answer 3

the simplest carbohydrate
smallest molecules
sugars are soluble in water and taste sweet
glucose = sugar = hexagon shape

Question 4

what are we made of

Answer 4

62% water
16% protein
16% fat
1% carbohydrates
5% other
<1% DNA

Question 5

glucose

Answer 5

this is a form in which carbohydrates are transported in the human body
dissolves in blood stream which is delivered to every cell

Question 6

monomer

Answer 6

single base unit glucose

Question 7

respiration

Answer 7

glucose + oxygen –> CO2 + water + energy from ATP

Question 8

glycogen

Answer 8

glucose molecules link into chains to form bigger molecules
in animals one larger molecule to glycogen
liver helps keep glucose levels in the blood steady
if there’s too much glucose it is stored in the form of glycogen
it is stored in liver cells can be broken down into glucose when needed again

Question 9

starch in plants

Answer 9

in plants, glucose molecules are linked together differently to form starch
starch is formed in plant cells and can be broken down into glucose when the plant needs it.
you can detect starch using iodine solution

Question 10

cellulose

Answer 10

plants make cellulose
cellulose molecules are also made of many glucose molecules in a chain ; form lines instead of coiling
cellulose is found in cell wall of cells

Question 11

element present in lipids

Answer 11

C H O less

Question 11

element present in carbs

Answer 11

C H O

Question 11

element present in protein

Answer 11

C H O N

Question 12

e.g of carbs in the body

Answer 12

starch, cellulose, glycogen

Question 13

e.g. of lipids in the body

Answer 13

cell membrane, energy storage, insulin

Question 14

e.g. of protein in the body

Answer 14

ceratin, enzymes, antibodies

Question 15

food test for carbs

Answer 15

starch- iodine + blue/black, - orange
benedict solution +warm, - cool colors

Question 16

food test for lipids

Answer 16

ethanol emulsion + cloudy, - clear

Question 17

food test for protein

Answer 17

biuret + violet, - blue

Question 18

food test for vitamin C

Answer 18

DCPIP + colourless, - purple

Question 19

lipids

Answer 19

are fats and oils
soluble in water

Question 20

emulsion

Answer 20

a liquid containing 2 substances that don’t fully mix. one forms tiny droplets dispersed through the other

Question 20

proteins

Answer 20

made of many amino acids linked together

Question 21

DNA

Answer 21

” deoxyribonuclei acid”
make up chromosomes
squences of DNA with a function are called genes
the nucleus of every cell in the body contains DNA
inherit from parent
double stranded
instructs cell
made of 2 chains of nucleotides

Question 21

vitamin C

Answer 21

its not a carbohydrate, fat nor protein substance called aseorbic acid

Question 22

nucleotides

Answer 22

molecules linked together into long chains to make up a DNA molecula. Each nucleotide contains a base

Question 23

base

Answer 23

one of the components of DNA. there are 4 bases, A G C T. and the sequence determines the proteins that are made in a cell

Question 24

what does the base c pair with

Answer 24

g

Question 25

what does a pair whith

Answer 25

t

Question 26

enzymes

Answer 26

are proteins that act as catalysts most reactions are controlled by enzymes without them important reaction would take too long break down things help make larger molecules

Question 27

enzymes that break down carbs, lipids, proteins

Answer 27

carbohydrase protease lipase

Question 28

how do enzymes work

Answer 28

active site - the part of the enzyme molecule where a substance temporary binds substrate - the substance that an enzyme causes to react product - the new substance formed

Question 28

catalase

Answer 28

works in all cells it breaks down hydrogenperoxide in water and oxygen

Question 29

shape of an enzyme and substrate are....

Answer 29

complementary

Question 30

factors that affect enzymes

Answer 30

temperature and pH

Question 31

optimal temp for enzymes

Answer 31

37

Question 32

temperature affecting enzymes

Answer 32

a rise in temp speed up chemical reactions a fall in temp slows down a reaction above 50 degrees enzymes denature

Question 33

pH affecting enzymes

Answer 33

most enzymes work best at a specific level of acidity inside cells, enzymes usually work best at a pH of 7 change in pH can cause denatura