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Biology > Plant Nutrition > Flashcards

Plant Nutrition Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Photosynthesis balanced equation

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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1
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

—> = light and chlorophyll

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2
Q

Where does photosynthesis happen

A

Leaves of plant

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3
Q

Why are leaves green

A

They reflect green light and absorb red blue and white

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4
Q

What absorbs light

A

Chlorophyll in chloroplasts in the plant cells

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5
Q

Leaf functions

A

Carry out photosynthesis
Get rid of waste products of photosynthesis
Export glucose to rest of plant

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6
Q

Waxy cuticle

A

Waterproof
Reduces water loss
Reduces infection

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7
Q

Upper epidermis

A

Protection
No chloroplasts
Absorbs harmful light but allows light for PS pass through

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8
Q

Palisade cells

A

Tightly packed
Elongated
Lots of chloroplasts
High rate of PS

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9
Q

Spongy s

A

Some chloroplasts
Some PS
Loosely packed with air spaces

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10
Q

Air spaces

A

Between spongy cells

Provide air channels allowing gas exchange

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11
Q

Leaf vein- xylem

A

Rigid vessels within lignin
Carry water and minerals from root to stem to leaf
Made of dead cells

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12
Q

Leaf vein- phloem

A

Responsible for carrying sugars to places where glucose is stored as starch

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13
Q

Guard cells

A

Change shape depending on water inside
Controls opening of stomata
For transpiration

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14
Q

Stomata

A

Space between guard cells

Controls gas exchange and water loss

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15
Q

Adaptations for PS

A

Air spaces
Palasides
Xylem

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16
Q

Adaptations for importing raw materials

A

Air spaces
Xylem
Upper epidermis

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17
Q

Adaptations for waste products

A

Air spaces

Stomata

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18
Q

Adaptations for movement of materials in plant

A

Phloem

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19
Q

Tropism

A

The growth response of a plant to directional stimulus

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20
Q

Tropisms

A

Phototropism- shoots grow toward light (positive) and roots mostly neutral, sometimes negative
Geotropism- shoots grow away from gravity (negative) and roots grow toward (positive)
Hydrotropism- roots grow toward source (positive)
Thigmotropism- shoots bend round support (positive) and roots grow away from objects (negative)

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21
Q

Auxin

A

Hormone which diffuses from top of plant
Shoot bends toward light
More hormones diffuse to dark side of plant so it grows longer

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22
Q

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
Water concentration

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23
Q

Light intensity

A

Without enough light a plant can’t photosynthesis even if there is enough water or CO2, increasing light intensity will boost the rate of photosynthesis

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24
Q

Carbon dioxide concentration

A

Plant can’t photosynthesis with enough CO2 even if it has sufficient everything else

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25
Q

Temperatures

A

Too cold- rate of photosynthesis decreases

Too hot- enzymes denature when it’s too hot

26
Q

Different types of pollination

A

Insect pollination
Wind pollination
(Self pollination)
(Cross pollination)

27
Q

What is pollination

A

The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma

28
Q

What is insect pollination

A

Transfer of pollen by insects

29
Q

Wind pollination

A

Transfer of pollen by wind

30
Q

Self pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from flower onto flower on the same plant

31
Q

Cross pollination

A

Transfer of pollen from flower onto flower on different plant

32
Q

Fertilisation

A

The fusion of male and female gametes

34
Q

Step 1 of fertilisation

A

The pollen grain lands on the stigma

35
Q

Step 2 of fertilisation

A
  • The pollen grain develops a pollen tube which grows down the style and makes its way towards the ovary
  • The nucleus of the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube
35
Q

Petals

A

Large and colourful to attract pollinators

36
Q

Step 3 of fertilisation

A

The poem nucleus reaches the ovule and fuses with the female nucleus

37
Q

Anther

A

Contains pollen grains

38
Q

Ovule

A

Will become seeds when they are fertilised

39
Q

Filaments

A

Hold the anthers in place

40
Q

Ovary

A

Where the ovules are

41
Q

Receptacle

A

Bold in place the main parts of a flower

42
Q

Stigma

A

A sticky surface for pollen to land on

43
Q

Sepal

A

Protected the flower when it was a bud

44
Q

Style

A

Provides a path from the stigma to the ovary for the pollen

45
Q

Petals for insect pollination

A

Large and brightly coloured

46
Q

Petals for wind pollination

A

Small and green

47
Q

Stamen for insect pollination

A

Held within the flower

48
Q

Stamen from wind pollination

A

Dangle out of flower

49
Q

Scent for insect pollination

A

Attract the pollinators

50
Q

Scent for wind pollination

A

None

51
Q

Anthers in insect pollination

A

Positioned within the flower

52
Q

Anthers in wind pollination

A

Held outside the flower so wind blows pollen away

53
Q

Flowers

A

In any position on plant

54
Q

Flowers in wind pollination

A

Close to the top of the plant so pollen can be blown off

55
Q

Stigma in insect pollination

A

Usually solid shape with 3-5 lobes

56
Q

Stigma in wind pollination

A

Feathery to catch as much pollen as possible

57
Q

Pollen in insect pollination

A

Less as it is easily transferred to animals with little loss

58
Q

Pollen in wind pollination

A

Large amount as much is lost in the wind

59
Q

How are seeds dispersed

A

Animals
Wind
Water
Plant itself

60
Q

Why are seeds dispersed

A

To give plants
Space
Light
Water

61
Q

What is seed germination

A

The development of a plant from a dormant seed

63
Q

Stages of germination

A

Water intake
Triggers enzymes to breakdown stored food
First root and first leaves (from embryo) appear
Seedling starts to grow

64
Q

Conditions needed for seed germination

A

Water which rehydrates the seed
Oxygen which allowed respiration to occur
Warm temperature allowed enzymes to work better

Biology (16 decks)

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