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Plant Nutrition Flashcards

0
Q

Photosynthesis balanced equation

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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1
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

—> = light and chlorophyll

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2
Q

Where does photosynthesis happen

A

Leaves of plant

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3
Q

Why are leaves green

A

They reflect green light and absorb red blue and white

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4
Q

What absorbs light

A

Chlorophyll in chloroplasts in the plant cells

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5
Q

Leaf functions

A

Carry out photosynthesis
Get rid of waste products of photosynthesis
Export glucose to rest of plant

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6
Q

Waxy cuticle

A

Waterproof
Reduces water loss
Reduces infection

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7
Q

Upper epidermis

A

Protection
No chloroplasts
Absorbs harmful light but allows light for PS pass through

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8
Q

Palisade cells

A

Tightly packed
Elongated
Lots of chloroplasts
High rate of PS

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9
Q

Spongy s

A

Some chloroplasts
Some PS
Loosely packed with air spaces

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10
Q

Air spaces

A

Between spongy cells

Provide air channels allowing gas exchange

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11
Q

Leaf vein- xylem

A

Rigid vessels within lignin
Carry water and minerals from root to stem to leaf
Made of dead cells

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12
Q

Leaf vein- phloem

A

Responsible for carrying sugars to places where glucose is stored as starch

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13
Q

Guard cells

A

Change shape depending on water inside
Controls opening of stomata
For transpiration

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14
Q

Stomata

A

Space between guard cells

Controls gas exchange and water loss

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15
Q

Adaptations for PS

A

Air spaces
Palasides
Xylem

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16
Q

Adaptations for importing raw materials

A

Air spaces
Xylem
Upper epidermis

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17
Q

Adaptations for waste products

A

Air spaces

Stomata

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18
Q

Adaptations for movement of materials in plant

A

Phloem

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19
Q

Tropism

A

The growth response of a plant to directional stimulus

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20
Q

Tropisms

A

Phototropism- shoots grow toward light (positive) and roots mostly neutral, sometimes negative
Geotropism- shoots grow away from gravity (negative) and roots grow toward (positive)
Hydrotropism- roots grow toward source (positive)
Thigmotropism- shoots bend round support (positive) and roots grow away from objects (negative)

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21
Q

Auxin

A

Hormone which diffuses from top of plant
Shoot bends toward light
More hormones diffuse to dark side of plant so it grows longer

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22
Q

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity
Carbon dioxide concentration
Temperature
Water concentration

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23
Q

Light intensity

A

Without enough light a plant can’t photosynthesis even if there is enough water or CO2, increasing light intensity will boost the rate of photosynthesis

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24
Carbon dioxide concentration
Plant can't photosynthesis with enough CO2 even if it has sufficient everything else
25
Temperatures
Too cold- rate of photosynthesis decreases | Too hot- enzymes denature when it's too hot
26
Different types of pollination
Insect pollination Wind pollination (Self pollination) (Cross pollination)
27
What is pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
28
What is insect pollination
Transfer of pollen by insects
29
Wind pollination
Transfer of pollen by wind
30
Self pollination
Transfer of pollen from flower onto flower on the same plant
31
Cross pollination
Transfer of pollen from flower onto flower on different plant
32
Fertilisation
The fusion of male and female gametes
34
Step 1 of fertilisation
The pollen grain lands on the stigma
35
Step 2 of fertilisation
- The pollen grain develops a pollen tube which grows down the style and makes its way towards the ovary - The nucleus of the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube
35
Petals
Large and colourful to attract pollinators
36
Step 3 of fertilisation
The poem nucleus reaches the ovule and fuses with the female nucleus
37
Anther
Contains pollen grains
38
Ovule
Will become seeds when they are fertilised
39
Filaments
Hold the anthers in place
40
Ovary
Where the ovules are
41
Receptacle
Bold in place the main parts of a flower
42
Stigma
A sticky surface for pollen to land on
43
Sepal
Protected the flower when it was a bud
44
Style
Provides a path from the stigma to the ovary for the pollen
45
Petals for insect pollination
Large and brightly coloured
46
Petals for wind pollination
Small and green
47
Stamen for insect pollination
Held within the flower
48
Stamen from wind pollination
Dangle out of flower
49
Scent for insect pollination
Attract the pollinators
50
Scent for wind pollination
None
51
Anthers in insect pollination
Positioned within the flower
52
Anthers in wind pollination
Held outside the flower so wind blows pollen away
53
Flowers
In any position on plant
54
Flowers in wind pollination
Close to the top of the plant so pollen can be blown off
55
Stigma in insect pollination
Usually solid shape with 3-5 lobes
56
Stigma in wind pollination
Feathery to catch as much pollen as possible
57
Pollen in insect pollination
Less as it is easily transferred to animals with little loss
58
Pollen in wind pollination
Large amount as much is lost in the wind
59
How are seeds dispersed
Animals Wind Water Plant itself
60
Why are seeds dispersed
To give plants Space Light Water
61
What is seed germination
The development of a plant from a dormant seed
63
Stages of germination
Water intake Triggers enzymes to breakdown stored food First root and first leaves (from embryo) appear Seedling starts to grow
64
Conditions needed for seed germination
Water which rehydrates the seed Oxygen which allowed respiration to occur Warm temperature allowed enzymes to work better

Biology (16 decks)

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