Heart, Blood and Vessels

Question 0

Structure of the heart

Answer 0

Right- Deoxygenated blood Right atrium Right ventricle Left- Septum Muscular heart wall Left ventricle Valve Left atrium

Question 1

Components of the circulatory system

Answer 1

Heart Blood vessels Blood

Question 2

The double circulatory system

Answer 2

Blood goes through heart twice in every cycle around the body

Question 3

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 3

Transports blood to and from lungs to exchange CO2 and O2 with air

Question 4

Systematic circulation

Answer 4

Transports blood to and from the body to exchange CO2 and O2 with body cells

Question 5

Blood through through body

Answer 5

Left atrium Left ventricle Aorta Vena cava Right atrium Right ventricle Pulmonary artery Lungs Pulmonary vein

Question 6

Ventricular systole

Answer 6

Ventricles contracts AV valves close Blood flows out of ventricles

Question 7

Atrial systole

Answer 7

Atria contacts AV valves open Blood flows into ventricles

Question 8

Effects on heart rate of exercise

Answer 8

Muscles need more energy Rate of respiration increased More oxygen and force of beat Increase stroke volume

Question 9

Effect on heart rate of stress

Answer 9

Fight or flight response Adrenaline is released Adrenal glands stimulates the pacemaker Heart rate increases

Question 10

Stroke volume

Answer 10

Beats per minute Volume of blood pumped per beat

Question 11

Control of heart rate

Answer 11

Osmoreceptors in aorta sense CO2 levels Cardiac centre in medulla receives information via sensory nerve Cardiac centre sends nerve impulses via accelerator or decelerator nerves Pacemakers reacts

Question 12

Coronary heart disease

Answer 12

Blockage of coronary artery Blood supply to heart to area of muscle cut off Less oxygen and glucose to heart to this area This area can’t respire Heart attack

Question 13

Arteries

Answer 13

Heart –> organs High BP Oxygenated blood Thick walls Small lumen No valves Diameter varies

Question 14

Veins

Answer 14

Organs –> heart Low BP Generally deoxygenated Thin wall Large lumen Valves prevent back flow of blood Diameter varies

Question 15

Capillaries

Answer 15

Organs –> body Medium BP Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood Walls 1 cell thick Very small lumen No valves Diameter 8-10 micrometers

Question 16

Arteries –> heart

Answer 16

Artery Arteriole Capillary Veinole Vein Heart

Question 17

What does the placenta do

Answer 17

Supplies blood and nutrients to foetus Removes waste products Provides stable connection with mother Produces hormones Stimulates release of progesterone

Question 18

How does oxygen pass from mother to foetus

Answer 18

Fetal heart pumps deoxygenated blood through umbilical arteries to placenta villi This extends to placenta where oxygen, nutrients are absorbed and urea and CO2 are released Oxygenated carried to foetus in umbilical veins

Question 19

Why can’t foetus and mothers blood mix

Answer 19

Viruses and bacteria dangerous to foetus

Question 20

Smoking on foetus

Answer 20

Low birth mass from CO Increases chance of still or premature birth Limited oxygen to foetus

Question 21

Composition of blood

Answer 21

55% plasma <1% white blood cells and platelets 45% red blood cells

Question 22

Blood plasma composition

Answer 22

Water Glucose Amino acids Mineral ions CO2 Urea Proteins Heat

Question 23

Leukocytes

Answer 23

Phagocytes- ingest pathogens Lymphocytes- produce antibodies

Question 24

Platelets

Answer 24

Thrombocytes involved in blood clotting

Question 25

Sickle cell anaemia

Answer 25

Limited oxygen Blood vessel block Pain, shortness of breath Recessive and genetic condition

Question 26

Iron deficiency

Answer 26

Not enough iron Haemoglobin can’t function properly Tiredness, dizziness, coldness

Question 27

Haemophilia

Answer 27

Limited clotting factors Easy bruising, excessive blood loss, swelling in joints

Question 28

Leukaemia

Answer 28

Cancer of white blood cells Profilekatior of unhealthy blood cells Blood overwhelmed Infection can’t be fought

Question 29

Red blood cell structure

Answer 29

No nucleus- more space for haemoglobin Bioconcave shape- large SA:V Thin membrane- short diffusion distance