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Biology > Cells And Transport > Flashcards

Cells And Transport Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What’s inside a cell

A 
ER
Nucleus
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Golgi
Lysosome 
Cytoskeleton 
Mitochondria 
Cell wall- just plant 
Chloroplasts- just plant
Permanent vacuole- just plant
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2
Q

Nucleus

A

Control centre of cell, contains genetic information

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3
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Liquid gel in which most of the chemical reactions take place

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4
Q

Cell membrane

A

Semi permeable, controls the movement of material in and out of a cell

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4
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse of the cell (produces ATP by respiration)

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5
Q

Cell wall

A

Support and protection of a plant cell

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6
Q

Ribozomes

A

Production of proteins

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8
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Uses energy to make food by photosynthesis

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8
Q

Lysosome

A

Special type of vacuole that breaks down old cell part parts and large molecules

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9
Q

Vacuole

A

Stores food, water and waste in plants

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10
Q

ER

A

Transport of chemicals and proteins within cells

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11
Q

Golgi

A

Modifies proteins to make ten functional and transports proteins within cells

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12
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Support structure within cells which is made of proteins

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13
Q

Organelle and an example

A

A functional structure within a cell eg nucleus

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14
Q

Organ and an example

A

Collection of tissues that perform a specific function within an organism eg the heart

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15
Q

Organism and an example

A

A living being eg a human

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16
Q

Organ system and an example

A

Collection of organs which performs a specific function within an organism eg the respiratory system

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17
Q

Tissue and an example

A

Collection of connected cells that perform a similar function within an organism eg skin

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18
Q

Cell and an example

A

The structural unit of an organism which may exist as an in independent life eg a guard cell

19
Q

What process are common in all animals and plants

A 
Nutrition
Respiration 
Excretion 
Reproduction 
Growth 
Sensitivity 
Movement
20
Q

Nerve cell function and adaptation

A

Transmits nervous stimuli
Has synapses and neurotransmitters
Can be very long
Myelin sheath is fatty for insulation

21
Q

Ciliated cell function and adaptation

A

To clean airways
Cilia beat back and forward to move material
Sweep mucus and trapped dust to throat

22
Q

Sperm cell function and adaptation

A 
Fertilisation cell 
Small with tail for movement 
Lots of mitochondria 
Across me with special enzymes to digest egg membrane
Genetic info (23 chromosomes)
23
Q

Egg cell function and adaptation

A

Fertilisation
Large and bulky
Contains work for food storage to develop embryo
Genetic info (23 chromosomes)

24
Q

Red blood cell function and adaptation

A

Transports oxygen
Contains haemoglobin which binds to oxygen
No nucleus- more space for oxygen

25
Q

White blood cell function and adaptation

A

Destroy pathogens
Produce antibodies
Large nucleus
Flexible cytoskeletons to engulf bacteria

26
Q

Muscle cell function and adaptation

A

Contraction
Long and flexible
Lots of mitochondria

27
Q

Fat cell function and adaptation

A

Stores fat and source of energy
Little cytoplasm so lots of space for fat
Few mitochondria
Can expand to 1000x

28
Q

Rods and cones function and adaptation

A

Photo reception for vision
Contains visual pigment to detect light
Lots of mitochondria
Synapse to transmit signals to optic nerve

29
Q

Skin cell function and adaptation

A

Protection and heat regulation
Pigments to absorb UV
Hair for insulation

30
Q

Palaside cell function and adaptation

A

Photosynthesis
Lots of chloroplasts
Tightly packed and elongated

31
Q

Root hair cell function and adaptation

A

Uptake of water+minerals
Root hairs increase SA
Large permanent vacuole
Close to xylem for water transport

32
Q

Guard cell function and adaptation

A

Control of opening to stomata
Take up and release of water with osmosis
Thickened cell wall

33
Q

What word describes cell membranes

A

Selectively permeable

34
Q

What’s diffusion

A

Movement of gases or dissolves molecules from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

35
Q

Factors effecting diffusion speed

A

Concentration gradient, distance, temperature, SA

36
Q

High solute outside the cell will be

A

Plasmosized and hypertonic

37
Q

What’s osmosis

A

The movement of WATER molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane

38
Q

Same solute outside the cell will be

A

Flaccid and isotonic

39
Q

Low solute outside the cell will be

A

Turgid and hypotonic

40
Q

X axis

A

Dependant variable

41
Q

Y axis

A

Independent variable

42
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

The movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration with the help of a protein channel carrier eg glucose

44
Q

Passive transport

A

The movement of molecules through cell membranes without the use of energy by the cell (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis)

44
Q

Where does energy for active transport come from

A

Respiration and it stored as ATP

45
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of molecules through cell membranes against a concentration gradient and the cost of energy the the help of a carrier protein eg. amino acids

46
Q

What are all the life processes

A
  • nutrition
  • excretion
  • movement
  • growth
  • respiration
  • response to stimuli
  • reproduction
  • controlling their internal environment

Biology (16 decks)

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