Cells And Transport

Question 1

What’s inside a cell

Answer 1

ER
Nucleus
Cell membrane 
Cytoplasm 
Golgi
Lysosome 
Cytoskeleton 
Mitochondria 
Cell wall- just plant 
Chloroplasts- just plant
Permanent vacuole- just plant

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Control centre of cell, contains genetic information

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Liquid gel in which most of the chemical reactions take place

Question 4

Cell membrane

Answer 4

Semi permeable, controls the movement of material in and out of a cell

Question 4

Mitochondria

Answer 4

Powerhouse of the cell (produces ATP by respiration)

Question 5

Cell wall

Answer 5

Support and protection of a plant cell

Question 6

Ribozomes

Answer 6

Production of proteins

Question 8

Chloroplasts

Answer 8

Uses energy to make food by photosynthesis

Question 8

Lysosome

Answer 8

Special type of vacuole that breaks down old cell part parts and large molecules

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

Stores food, water and waste in plants

Question 10

ER

Answer 10

Transport of chemicals and proteins within cells

Question 11

Golgi

Answer 11

Modifies proteins to make ten functional and transports proteins within cells

Question 12

Cytoskeleton

Answer 12

Support structure within cells which is made of proteins

Question 13

Organelle and an example

Answer 13

A functional structure within a cell eg nucleus

Question 14

Organ and an example

Answer 14

Collection of tissues that perform a specific function within an organism eg the heart

Question 15

Organism and an example

Answer 15

A living being eg a human

Question 16

Organ system and an example

Answer 16

Collection of organs which performs a specific function within an organism eg the respiratory system

Question 17

Tissue and an example

Answer 17

Collection of connected cells that perform a similar function within an organism eg skin

Question 18

Cell and an example

Answer 18

The structural unit of an organism which may exist as an in independent life eg a guard cell

Question 19

What process are common in all animals and plants

Answer 19

Nutrition
Respiration 
Excretion 
Reproduction 
Growth 
Sensitivity 
Movement

Question 20

Nerve cell function and adaptation

Answer 20

Transmits nervous stimuli
Has synapses and neurotransmitters
Can be very long
Myelin sheath is fatty for insulation

Question 21

Ciliated cell function and adaptation

Answer 21

To clean airways
Cilia beat back and forward to move material
Sweep mucus and trapped dust to throat

Question 22

Sperm cell function and adaptation

Answer 22

Fertilisation cell 
Small with tail for movement 
Lots of mitochondria 
Across me with special enzymes to digest egg membrane
Genetic info (23 chromosomes)

Question 23

Egg cell function and adaptation

Answer 23

Fertilisation
Large and bulky
Contains work for food storage to develop embryo
Genetic info (23 chromosomes)

Question 24

Red blood cell function and adaptation

Answer 24

Transports oxygen Contains haemoglobin which binds to oxygen No nucleus- more space for oxygen

Question 25

White blood cell function and adaptation

Answer 25

Destroy pathogens Produce antibodies Large nucleus Flexible cytoskeletons to engulf bacteria

Question 26

Muscle cell function and adaptation

Answer 26

Contraction Long and flexible Lots of mitochondria

Question 27

Fat cell function and adaptation

Answer 27

Stores fat and source of energy Little cytoplasm so lots of space for fat Few mitochondria Can expand to 1000x

Question 28

Rods and cones function and adaptation

Answer 28

Photo reception for vision Contains visual pigment to detect light Lots of mitochondria Synapse to transmit signals to optic nerve

Question 29

Skin cell function and adaptation

Answer 29

Protection and heat regulation Pigments to absorb UV Hair for insulation

Question 30

Palaside cell function and adaptation

Answer 30

Photosynthesis Lots of chloroplasts Tightly packed and elongated

Question 31

Root hair cell function and adaptation

Answer 31

Uptake of water+minerals Root hairs increase SA Large permanent vacuole Close to xylem for water transport

Question 32

Guard cell function and adaptation

Answer 32

Control of opening to stomata Take up and release of water with osmosis Thickened cell wall

Question 33

What word describes cell membranes

Answer 33

Selectively permeable

Question 34

What's diffusion

Answer 34

Movement of gases or dissolves molecules from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 35

Factors effecting diffusion speed

Answer 35

Concentration gradient, distance, temperature, SA

Question 36

High solute outside the cell will be

Answer 36

Plasmosized and hypertonic

Question 37

What's osmosis

Answer 37

The movement of WATER molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 38

Same solute outside the cell will be

Answer 38

Flaccid and isotonic

Question 39

Low solute outside the cell will be

Answer 39

Turgid and hypotonic

Question 40

X axis

Answer 40

Dependant variable

Question 41

Y axis

Answer 41

Independent variable

Question 42

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 42

The movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration with the help of a protein channel carrier eg glucose

Question 44

Passive transport

Answer 44

The movement of molecules through cell membranes without the use of energy by the cell (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis)

Question 44

Where does energy for active transport come from

Answer 44

Respiration and it stored as ATP

Question 45

Active transport

Answer 45

The movement of molecules through cell membranes against a concentration gradient and the cost of energy the the help of a carrier protein eg. amino acids

Question 46

What are all the life processes

Answer 46

- nutrition - excretion - movement - growth - respiration - response to stimuli - reproduction - controlling their internal environment