Cells And Transport Flashcards
What’s inside a cell
ER Nucleus Cell membrane Cytoplasm Golgi Lysosome Cytoskeleton Mitochondria Cell wall- just plant Chloroplasts- just plant Permanent vacuole- just plant
Nucleus
Control centre of cell, contains genetic information
Cytoplasm
Liquid gel in which most of the chemical reactions take place
Cell membrane
Semi permeable, controls the movement of material in and out of a cell
Mitochondria
Powerhouse of the cell (produces ATP by respiration)
Cell wall
Support and protection of a plant cell
Ribozomes
Production of proteins
Chloroplasts
Uses energy to make food by photosynthesis
Lysosome
Special type of vacuole that breaks down old cell part parts and large molecules
Vacuole
Stores food, water and waste in plants
ER
Transport of chemicals and proteins within cells
Golgi
Modifies proteins to make ten functional and transports proteins within cells
Cytoskeleton
Support structure within cells which is made of proteins
Organelle and an example
A functional structure within a cell eg nucleus
Organ and an example
Collection of tissues that perform a specific function within an organism eg the heart
Organism and an example
A living being eg a human
Organ system and an example
Collection of organs which performs a specific function within an organism eg the respiratory system
Tissue and an example
Collection of connected cells that perform a similar function within an organism eg skin
Cell and an example
The structural unit of an organism which may exist as an in independent life eg a guard cell
What process are common in all animals and plants
Nutrition Respiration Excretion Reproduction Growth Sensitivity Movement
Nerve cell function and adaptation
Transmits nervous stimuli
Has synapses and neurotransmitters
Can be very long
Myelin sheath is fatty for insulation
Ciliated cell function and adaptation
To clean airways
Cilia beat back and forward to move material
Sweep mucus and trapped dust to throat
Sperm cell function and adaptation
Fertilisation cell Small with tail for movement Lots of mitochondria Across me with special enzymes to digest egg membrane Genetic info (23 chromosomes)
Egg cell function and adaptation
Fertilisation
Large and bulky
Contains work for food storage to develop embryo
Genetic info (23 chromosomes)
Red blood cell function and adaptation
Transports oxygen
Contains haemoglobin which binds to oxygen
No nucleus- more space for oxygen
White blood cell function and adaptation
Destroy pathogens
Produce antibodies
Large nucleus
Flexible cytoskeletons to engulf bacteria
Muscle cell function and adaptation
Contraction
Long and flexible
Lots of mitochondria
Fat cell function and adaptation
Stores fat and source of energy
Little cytoplasm so lots of space for fat
Few mitochondria
Can expand to 1000x
Rods and cones function and adaptation
Photo reception for vision
Contains visual pigment to detect light
Lots of mitochondria
Synapse to transmit signals to optic nerve
Skin cell function and adaptation
Protection and heat regulation
Pigments to absorb UV
Hair for insulation
Palaside cell function and adaptation
Photosynthesis
Lots of chloroplasts
Tightly packed and elongated
Root hair cell function and adaptation
Uptake of water+minerals
Root hairs increase SA
Large permanent vacuole
Close to xylem for water transport
Guard cell function and adaptation
Control of opening to stomata
Take up and release of water with osmosis
Thickened cell wall
What word describes cell membranes
Selectively permeable
What’s diffusion
Movement of gases or dissolves molecules from and area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Factors effecting diffusion speed
Concentration gradient, distance, temperature, SA
High solute outside the cell will be
Plasmosized and hypertonic
What’s osmosis
The movement of WATER molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration across a semi-permeable membrane
Same solute outside the cell will be
Flaccid and isotonic
Low solute outside the cell will be
Turgid and hypotonic
X axis
Dependant variable
Y axis
Independent variable
Facilitated diffusion
The movement of a molecule from an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration with the help of a protein channel carrier eg glucose
Passive transport
The movement of molecules through cell membranes without the use of energy by the cell (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis)
Where does energy for active transport come from
Respiration and it stored as ATP
Active transport
The movement of molecules through cell membranes against a concentration gradient and the cost of energy the the help of a carrier protein eg. amino acids
What are all the life processes
- nutrition
- excretion
- movement
- growth
- respiration
- response to stimuli
- reproduction
- controlling their internal environment
