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Biology > Inheritance II > Flashcards

Inheritance II Flashcards

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0
Q

Somatic chromosomes

A

One chromosome from mother and one from father

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1
Q

Gene

A

A small region of DNA that contains genetic information for making a protein

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2
Q

Two of the same chromosome

A

Homologous pair (contain the same genes)

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3
Q

Female chromosomes

A

XX

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4
Q

Male chromosomes

A

XY

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5
Q

Mitosis steps

A 
Interphase 
Prophase 
Prometaphase 
Metaphase 
Anaphase 
Telophase
Cytokinesis 
IPPMATC
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6
Q

Interphase (mitosis)

A

1st step
DNA is copied and some duplicated
Chromosomes aren’t visible

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7
Q

Prophase (mitosis)

A

2nd step
Chromosomes condense
They are now visible
Consist of 2 chromatids

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8
Q

Prometaphase (mitosis)

A

3rd step
Nuclear membrane disappears
Spindle fires form

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9
Q

Metaphase (mitosis)

A

4th step

Chromosome align at the equator

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10
Q

Anaphase (mitosis)

A

5th step

Spindle fires pull the chromatids apart to opposite ends on the cell and they are now chromosomes again

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11
Q

Telophase (mitosis)

A

6th step

A new nuclear membrane formed around each set of chromosomes

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12
Q

Cytokinesis (mitosis)

A

7th step

The cells start to divide and two new genetically identical daughter cells are formed

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13
Q

Where does mitosis happen

A

All body cells expect sex cells

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14
Q

What is the product of mitosis

A

2 genetically identical sister cells (haploid)

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15
Q

What happens to the chromosome number in mitosis

A

Stays the same

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16
Q

In mitosis are the parent and daughter cells the same

A

Yes

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17
Q

What is the purpose of mitosis

A

Making cells for growth a repair

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18
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis

A

Producing sex cells

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19
Q

Where does meiosis take place

A

Sex organs

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20
Q

What happens to the chromosome number in meiosis

A

It’s halved

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21
Q

Are parent and daughter cells identical in meiosis

A

No

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22
Q

What is the product of meiosis

A

4 diploid cells

23
Q

Interphase I (meiosis)

A

1st step

Normal diploid cells

24
Q

Interphase (meiosis)

A

2nd step

Chromosomes are copied

25
Q

Prophase I (meiosis)

A

3rd step

Homologous chromosomes pair up

26
Q

Prophase (meiosis)

A

4th step

Crossing over occurs

27
Q

Metaphase I (meiosis)

A

5th step

Chromosome pairs align at equator

28
Q

Anaphase I (meiosis)

A

6th step

Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

29
Q

Telophase I (meiosis)

A

7th step

New nuclear membranes around each nucleus

30
Q

Cytokinesis I (meiosis)

A

8th step

Cytoplasm divided

31
Q

Metaphase II (meiosis)

A

9th step

Chromosomes align at equator of cell

32
Q

Anaphase II (meiosis)

A

10th step

Chromatids move to opposite ends of cell

33
Q

Telophase II (meiosis)

A

11th step

New nuclear membranes are forms around each nucleus

34
Q

Cytokinesis II (meiosis)

A

12th step

The cytoplasm divides

35
Q

Name of the cell when sperm fertilises egg

A

Zygote

36
Q

How does a zygote develop into an embryo

A

Cell division

37
Q

Diploid cell

A

Cell with 2 sets of chromosomes (46- full set)

38
Q

Haploid cell

A

Cell with one set of chromosomes (23- half set)

39
Q

Advantage of meiosis

A

Allowed variation

40
Q

Genotype

A

Your genetic makeup- all of the alleles present in the cell nucleus

41
Q

Homozygous

A

2 identical alleles (BB or bb)

42
Q

Heterozygous

A

2 different alleles (Bb)

43
Q

Phenotype

A

The characteristic that is shown from a genotype

44
Q

Codominance

A

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype

45
Q

Pedigree tree

A

Family tree which records the characteristics and genotypes in a family

46
Q

Where do new alleles come from

A

Mutation

47
Q

Most mutations are

A

Harmful

48
Q

Some mutations are

A

Neutral

49
Q

Very few mutations are

A

Beneficial

50
Q

What’s are the different type of mutations

A

Gene and chromosome

51
Q

What’s a mutation

A

Change in genetic code

52
Q

Describe meiosis

A

Chromosomes replicate
Condense
Exchange genetic material
Chromosomes half

53
Q

What’s is cystic fibrosis

A

Cell membrane disease- need 2 recessive alleles from parents

54
Q

4 bases in DNA

A

Adeline
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

55
Q

Backbone of DNA

A

Made of deoxyribose(sugar) and phosphate

Biology (16 decks)

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