Plant Kingdon Flashcards
1
Q
Earlier classification systems used
A
Gross superficial morphological characters - habit, colour, number and shape of leaves
2
Q
Classification systems given by Linnaeus used
A
Structure of androecium
3
Q
Characters more easily affected by environment
A
Vegetative characters
4
Q
Artificial systems give equal weightage to
A
Vegetative and sexual characteristics
5
Q
Natural classification system uses
A
External and internal features like ultrastructure, anatomy, embryology, phytochemistry
6
Q
Natural classification for flowering plants was given by
A
George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker
7
Q
Phylogenetic classification assumes organisms belonging to same taxa have
A
Common ancestor
8
Q
Numerical taxonomy is based on
A
All observable characters
9
Q
In numerical taxonomy, each character is given
A
Equal importance
10
Q
Cytotaxonomy includes
A
Cytological information like chromosome number, structure and behaviour
11
Q
Chemotaxonomy uses
A
Chemical constituents of plant (DNA, proteins, etc.) to resolve confusions
12
Q
Colonial algae
A
Volvox
13
Q
Filamentous algae
A
Spirogyra, ultothrix
14
Q
Vegetative reproduction in algae
A
By fragmentation
15
Q
Asexual reproduction in algae
A
By spores [mainly zoospores (motile)]
16
Q
Sexual reproduction in algae
A
Fusion of gametes
17
Q
Isogamous flagellated gametes in algae
A
Ulothrix, chlamydomonas
18
Q
Isogamous non-flagellated gametes in algae
A
Spirogyra
19
Q
Anisogamous gametes in algae
A
Eudorina
20
Q
Oogamy in algae
A
Volvox, fucus
21
Q
% of total carbon dioxide fixation carried out by algae
A
At least 50%
22
Q
Number of species of algae used as food with examples
A
70 species - Porphyra, laminaria, sargassum
23
Q
Large amounts of hydrocolloids are produced by
A
marine brown (algin) and red (carrageen) algae
24
Q
Agar is obtained from
A
Gracilaria and gelidium
25
Alga used as food supplement by space travellers
Chlorella (unicellular)
26
Pigments of chlorophyceae
Chlorophyll a, b
27
Pigments in chlorophyceae are
Localized in definite chloroplasts which may be discoid, plate like, reticulate, cup shaped, spiral or ribbon shaped
28
Storage bodies of chlorophyceae
Pyrenoids (protein + starch) - located inside chloroplast
| Some store food as oil droplets
29
Cell wall of green algae
Inner layer of cellulose and outer layer of pectose
30
Asexual reproduction in chlorophyceae
Flagellated zoospores produced in zoosporangia
31
Examples of chlorophyceae
Chlamydomonas, spirogyra, volvox, chara, ulothrix
32
Members show great variation in size and form
Brown algae
33
Simple branched filamentous brown algae
Ectocarpus
34
Kelps may reach a height of
100 metres
35
Pigments of phaeophyceae
Chlorophyll a, c, carotenoids, xanthophylls
36
Colour of brown algae varies from
Olive green to brown depending on the amount of fucoxanthin present
37
Food stored in brown algae
Complex carbohydrates - laminarin and mannitol
38
Cell wall of brown algae
Cellulosic, with a gelatinous coating of algin
39
In brown algae in addition to plastids, protoplast contains
Centrally located vacuole and nucleus
40
Plant body of brown algae is differentiated into
Frond, stipe and holdfast
41
Asexual reproduction in brown algae
Pyriform biflagellated heterokont zoospores (flagella are laterally attached)
42
Examples of phaeophyceae
Ectocarpus, dictyota, laminaria, sargassum, fucus
43
Brown algae are mostly found in
Salt water
44
Pigment in red algae
Chlorophyll a, d, R- phycoerythrin, R- phycocyanin
45
Majority red algae are found in
Marine habitat in warmer areas and at great depths
46
Most red algae are
Multicellular
47
Food is stored in red algae as
Floridean starch - very similar to amylopectin and glycogen
48
Asexual reproduction in red algae is by
Non - motile spores
49
Complex body organization in found in
Red algae
50
Sexual reproduction in red algae is by
Non - motile gametes - oogamous - followed by complex post fertilizational development
51
Examples of red algae
Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracilaria, Gelidium
52
Number of flagella found in chlorophyceae
2-8, apical and equal
53
Cell wall of red algae
Cellulose, pectin, polysulphate esters
54
Bryophytes include
Mosses and liverworts
55
Amphibians of plant kingdom
Bryophytes
56
Main plant body of bryophyte is
Haploid
57
Sex organs in bryophytes are
Multicellular
58
Male gametes in bryophytes
Biflagellated antherozoids
59
Archegonium produces
Single egg
60
Sporophyte of bryophyte is
Not free living, derives nutrition from photosynthetic gametophyte
61
Peat moss
Sphagnum - packing material, trans - shipment of living material as they can hold water, also used as fuel
62
Pioneer species in xeric succession
Bryophytes - mosses
63
Spore dispersion in liverworts is by
Elaters
64
Plant body of liverwort is
Thalloid
65
Leafy members of liverworts have
Tiny leaf like appendages in 2 rows on stem like structures
66
Asexual reproduction in liverworts
Fragmentation of thalli or by gemmae
67
Gemmae are
Green multicellular asexual buds
68
Sporophyte of bryophytes is differentiated into
Foot, seta and capsule
69
After meiosis in liverworts, spores are produced
Within the capsule
70
Gametophyte of mosses consists of
Protonema stage and leafy stage
71
Protonema stage is
Creeping, green, branched, frequently filamentous stage
72
Leafy stage develops from
Secondary protonema as a lateral bud
73
Leafy stage consists of
Upright slender axes bearing spirally arranged leaves
74
Leafy stage is attached to soil through
Multicellular and branched rhizoids
75
In mosses, the stage which bears the sex organs
Leafy stage
76
Vegetative reproduction in mosses
Fragmentation and budding in SECONDARY PROTONEMA
77
Sex organs in mosses are produced at
Apex of the leafy shoots
78
Sporophyte in mosses consists of
Foot, seta, capsule and is more elaborate than the sporophyte of liverworts
79
Spore dispersal in mosses is
Elaborate and occurs by peristomal teeth
80
Examples of mosses
Funaria, Polytrichum, Sphagnum
81
Examples of liverworts
Marchantia, riccia
82
Pteridophytes are used for
Medicinal purposes and as soil binders
83
1st terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues
Pteridophytes
84
Plants which may flourish well in sandy soil conditions
Pteridophytes
85
Main plant body in pteridophytes
Sporophyte
86
Sporophyte of pteridophyte is differentiated into
True roots, stems, leaves
87
Microphylls are present in
Selaginella
88
Macrophylls are present in
Ferns
89
The sporophytes bear ________ which are subtended by _____ like appendages called __________
Sporangia, leaf like, sporophylls
90
Sporophylls may form compact structures called
Strobili/cones in Selaginella, Equisetum
91
Gametophytes of pteridophytes are
Inconspicuous, small but multicellular, free living, photosynthetic, thalloid
92
Gametophyte of pteridophytes are called
Prothallus
93
Spread of living pteridophytes is limited because
Gametophytes require cool, damp and shady places to grow and water is needed for fertilization
94
Homosporous pteridophytes examples
Majority pteridophyes
95
Heterosporous pteridophytes examples
Selaginella and Salvinia
96
Precursor to seed habit is seen in
Pteridophytes - Female gametophyte is retained on parent sporophyte for variable duration and development of zygote into embryos takes place within the female gametophyte
97
Pteridophytes are further classified into
4 classes - Psilopsida (Psilotum), Lycopsida (Selaginella, Lycopodium), Sphenopsida (Equisetum), Pteopsida (Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum)
98
Tallest tree species
Sequoia - Redwood - Gymnosperm
99
Roots of gymnosperms are generally
Tap roots
100
Mycorrhiza is formed by
Pinus
101
Coralloid roots are seen in
Cycas with cyanobacteria (Nitrogen fixers)
102
Unbranched stems in gymnosperms
Cycas
103
Branched stems in gymnosperms
Pinus, cedrus
104
Leaves of cycas are
Compound - Pinnate - leaves persist for a few years
105
Types of spores of gymnosperms
Heterosporous
106
The 2 kinds of spores in gymnosperms are produced ___________________ that are borne on ___________ which are arranged __________ to form ________ or _______
1. Within sporangia
2. Sporophylls
3. Spirally along the axis
4. Lax/compact strobili/cones
107
Monoecious gymnosperm
Pinus
108
Dioecious gymnosperm
Cycas
109
Haplontic life cycle
Many algae such as Volvox, Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas
110
Diplontic life cycle
Fucus (alga), Gymnosperms, Angiosperms
111
Haplo-diplontic life cycle
Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia, kelps
