Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Digestion and Absorption > Flashcards

Digestion and Absorption Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Corti began his scientific career by studying

A

Cardiovascular system of reptiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Major components of food

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Digestive system consists of

A

Alimentary canal and associated glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Teeth are

A

Thecodont, diphyodont, heterodont

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Milk teeth are AKA

A

Deciduous teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dental formula of adult

A

2123/2123

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tongue is attached to floor of oral cavity by

A

Frenulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Opening of windpipe

A

Glottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What prevents entry of food into glottis

A

Epiglottis [cartilaginous flap made of elastic cartilage]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Upper surface of the tongue has

A

Small projections called papillae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oesophagus is a thin long tube which extends

A

Posteriorly through neck, thorax and diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What regulates opening of oesophagus into stomach

A

Gastro-oesophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Stomach is located in

A

Upper left part of abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 parts of stomach

A

Fundic, cardiac, body, pyloric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oesophagus opens into stomach in

A

Cardiac part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Duodenum shape

A

C-shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Opening of stomach into duodenum is guarded by

A

Pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vermiform appendix arises from

A

Caecum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Serosa is made up of

A

Thin mesothelium with some connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Muscularis is formed from

A

Smooth muscles in inner circular and outer longitudinal layer [oblique muscle layer may be present]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Submucosa layer is formed from

A

Loose connective tissue containing nerves, blood, lymph vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Duodenal glands are present in

A

Submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Mucosa layer forms

A

Rugae in stomach, villi in small intestine, gastric glands of stomach, goblet cells and crypts of Lieberkuhn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Villi have projections called

A

Microvilli which gives brush border appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Digestive glands include

A

Salivary glands, liver, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Salivary glands are located

A

Just outside buccal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Largest gland of the body

A

Liver [1.2-1.5 Kg]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Location of liver

A

Abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Structural and functional unit of liver

A

Hepatic lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Each hepatic lobule is covered by

A

Thin connective tissue sheath called glisson’s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Duct of gall bladder

A

Cystic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Duct of liver

A

Hepatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Common bile duct is formed from

A

Cystic duct + Hepatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hepato-pancreatic duct opens into

A

Duodenum through sphincter of Oddi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Pancreas is located

A

Between the limbs of C-shaped duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Fancy name for swallowing

A

Deglutition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Electrolytes in saliva

A

Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-

38
Q

Percentage of starch hydrolysed in mouth

A

30% by salivary amylase

39
Q

Optimum pH for salivary amylase action

A

6.8

40
Q

Cells of gastric glands

A

Mucus neck cells - secrete mucus
Peptic or chief cells - secrete pepsinogen
Parietal or oxyntic cells - secrete HCl and Castle’s Intrinsic Factor (B12 absorption)

41
Q

Stomach stores food for

A

4-5 hours

42
Q

Pepsin converts proteins into

A

Proteoses and peptones (peptides)

43
Q

Optimal pH for pepsin

A

1.8

44
Q

Lipases and bicarbonates are not present in gastric juice - true/false

A

False

45
Q

Enzyme found only in infants

A

Rennin

46
Q

Enzymes of pancreatic juice

A

trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase, amylase, lipase, nuclease

47
Q

Trypsinogen is activated by

A

Enterokinase secreted by intestinal mucosa

48
Q

Enzymes of pancreatic juice are activated by

A

Trypsin

49
Q

Bile contains

A

Pigments, salts, phospholipids, cholesterol

50
Q

Lipases is activated by

A

Bile

51
Q

Goblet cells are present in

A

Intestinal mucosa

52
Q

Succus entericus is secreted by

A

Goblet cells and brush border cells of mucosa

53
Q

Enzymes of succus entericus

A

Disaccharidases, dipeptidases, lipases, nucleotidases, nucleosidases

54
Q

Glands which help to maintain alkaline medium pH 7.8

A

Pancreas (mucus + bicarbonates), sub mucosal Brunner’s glands

55
Q

Optimal pH for enzymes of succus entericus

A

7.8

56
Q

In small intestine, proteins, proteoses, peptones —————————>

A

Dipeptides by action of trypsin/chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase

57
Q

Breakdown of biomacromolecules takes place in

A

Duodenum

58
Q

Absorption of food mainly takes place in

A

Jejunum and ileum

59
Q

Substances absorbed in large intestine are

A

Water, minerals, some drugs

60
Q

Faeces enter caecum through

A

Ileo-caecal valve

61
Q

Hormonal control of secretion of digestive juices is carried out by

A

Local hormones produced by gastric and intestinal MUCOSA

62
Q

Gross calorific value of carbohydrates

A

4.1 kcal/g

63
Q

Gross calorific value of proteins

A

5.65 kcal/g

64
Q

Gross calorific value of fats

A

9.45 kcal/g

65
Q

Physiological calorific value of carbohydrates

A

4 kcal/g

66
Q

Physiological calorific value of proteins

A

4 kcal/g

67
Q

Physiological calorific value of fats

A

9 kcal/g

68
Q

Substances absorbed by simple diffusion

A

Glucose, amino acids, chloride ions

69
Q

Substances absorbed by facilitated diffusion

A

Glucose, amino acids

70
Q

Substances absorbed by active transport

A

Glucose, amino acids, sodium ions

71
Q

Mechanism of absorption of fatty acids and glycerol

A

Fatty acids ——–> Micelles ———-> Intestinal mucosa——–> Chylomicrons ————->Lacteal ———-> Blood stream

72
Q

Chylomicrons are

A

Protein coated fat globules

73
Q

Maximum absorption occurs in

A

Small intestine

74
Q

Substances absorbed in mouth

A

Certain drugs coming in contact with mucosa of mouth

75
Q

Substances absorbed in stomach

A

Water, simple sugars, alcohol

76
Q

Defaecation is carried of by

A

Mass peristaltic movement

77
Q

Vomiting reflex action is controlled by

A

Vomit center in medulla

78
Q

Abnormal frequency of bowel movement

A

Diarrhoea

79
Q

Irregular bowel movement

A

Constipation

80
Q

PEM

A

Protein-energy malnutrition

81
Q

PEM is common in

A

South and southeast Asia, South America, West and Central Africa

82
Q

PEM happened in

A

Bangladesh during liberation war and Ethiopia during drought in mid eighties

83
Q

Marasmus and Kwashiorkar are produced by

A

PEM

84
Q

Marasmus is found in

A

Infants less than a year in age

85
Q

Marasmus happens if

A

Mother’s milk is replaced too early by foods poor in both proteins and calories

86
Q

Kwashiorkar happens if

A

Replacement of mother’s milk by high calorie, low protein diet

87
Q

Extensive oedema is observed in

A

Kwashiorkar

88
Q

Kwashiorkar is found in

A

Children above the age of one

89
Q

This happens if mother has second pregnancy too early

A

Marasmus

90
Q

Dry and wrinkled skin is a symptom of

A

Marasmus

91
Q

Most of the water is absorbed in

A

Large Intestine

Biology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions