Plant ID - angiosperm families Flashcards
What is the word ending used for a phylum?
-phyta
What is the word ending used for a class?
-opsida or -eae
What is the word ending used for an order?
-ales
What is the word ending used for a family?
-aceae
Why would we bother to identify plants to family?
Very useful plant ID tool, much easier to identify plants if we know the family. Members of the same family tend to share morphological patterns and share similar characteristics
What is the common name for family Brassicaceae?
Mustard or cabbage family
What is the distribution of members of Brassicaceae?
Worldwide, except very arid environments
What are the morphological traits of the leaves of the Brassicaceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
Wide variety. They will have an alternate arrangement, but could be either simple or compound. Not a good trait to identify
What are the morphological traits of the leaves of the Rosaceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
Alternate, but can be simple or compound. Not a good way to identify family, but a good way to identify subfamily
What are the morphological traits of the leaves of the Fabaceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
Pinnately compound or trifoliate. Pretty good way to identify a Fabaceae
What are the morphological traits of the leaves of the Apiaceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
Usually pinnately compound. Not a good way to identify
What are the morphological traits of the flowers of the Brassicaceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
Consistently has 4 petals, 4 sepals, 2 fused carpels and 6 stamen. There will be 4 long stamen and 2 short stamen. Very good identifier of a Brassicaceae
What are the morphological traits of the flowers of the Asteraceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
Each inflorescence can have thousands of tiny flowers. Ray flowers will be on the edge, and their 5 petals are fused into a large ligule to attract pollinators. Disk flowers will be in the middle and have their 5 petals partially fused so that they form a tube. Each flower has 5 petals and 5 fused stamens. Sepals have been modified into a pappus. Very good way to identify
How do the Asteraceae maximize their time to get pollinated and reduce the chance of self-pollination?
The flowers mature at different times, with the ray flowers maturing first and then the disk flowers mature from the outside in. Male parts mature before the female parts to reduce the chance of self-pollination
What are the morphological traits of the flowers of the Rosaceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
5 sepals, 5 petals. Numerous stamen and carpels that are clustered in the centre of the flower and makes them look “fuzzy”. Good way to identify
What are the morphological traits of the flowers of the Fabaceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
Bilateral symmetry. 5 petals that are distinct from each other. 1 banner, 2 wings, and a keel that is 2 fused petals. The flowers can be small, but they are a good identifier
What are the morphological traits of the flowers of the Apiaceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
Very small flowers. 5 sepals, 5 petals, 5 stamens. The inflorescence is a better identifier
What are the morphological traits of the flowers of the Poaceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
Grass flowers are called spikelets. Petals and sepals are very reduced since they are wind-pollinated. Anthers stick out to catch the wind and the stigmas are feather-like to catch pollen. Good identifier
What are the morphological traits of the flowers of the Orchidaceae? Are they a good way to identify a member of the family?
Extremely specialized. Bilateral symmetry. 3 sepals and 3 petals that are highly modified. Stamens and carpels are fused into a column. Very good identifier
What is the inflorescence in the Brassicaceae?
Raceme
What is the inflorescence in the Asteraceae?
Head or capitulum
What is the inflorescence in the Apiaceae?
Compound umbel
What is the inflorescence in the Poaceae?
Spike, raceme, or panicle
What are the fruits in the Brassicaceae?
Silique
What are the fruits in the Fabaceae?
Legumes
What are some of the agricultural crops that are part of Brassicaceae?
Canola, mustard, cabbages, broccoli, kohlrabi
What are some of the agricultural crops that are part of Asteraceae?
Lettuce, sunflowers, artichokes
What are some of the agricultural crops that are part of Rosaceae?
Apricots, plums, apples, raspberries, strawberries, almonds, peaches
What are some of the agricultural crops that are part of Fabaceae?
Peas, beans, peanuts
What are some of the agricultural crops that are part of Apiaceae?
Carrots, cilantro, parsley
What are some of the agricultural crops that are part of Poaceae?
Bamboo, rice, wheat, barley, oats. Every culture in the world with agriculture cultivates some sort of grass
What are some of the agricultural crops that are part of Orchidaceae?
Vanilla
Are the Brassicaceae edible?
All members, every part of the plant
Are the Rosaceae edible?
Fruits and flowers are often edible, but the seeds have cyanide as a defence mechanism and the leaves often have tannins
Are the Fabaceae edible?
The leaves, flowers, and fruits are edible in most species, but a few have toxins in the seed coats
Are the Apiaceae edible?
Many are, but the family also has some of the most poisonous plants in North America and it is hard to identify them down to species
Are the Poaceae edible?
The seeds of every member are edible, but they are very small
Are the Orchidaceae edible?
Flowers and bulbs
What is the common name for family Asteraceae?
Daisy, aster, or sunflower family
What is the common name for family Rosaceae?
Rose family
What is the common name for family Fabaceae?
Pea family
What is the common name for family Apiaceae?
Parsley family
What is the common name for family Poaceae?
Grass family
What is the common name for family Orchidaceae?
Orchid family
Why are members of Orchidaceae so hard to grow for agriculture?
They are very reliant on mycorrhizae and notoriously difficult to cultivate
What are the knees in members of Poaceae?
Swollen parts at nodes
Are Brassicaceae monocots or eudicots?
Eudicots
Are Asteraceae monocots or eudicots?
Eudicots
Are Rosaceae monocots or eudicots?
Eudicots
Are Fabaceae monocots or eudicots?
Eudicots
Are Apiaceae monocots or eudicots?
Eudicots
Are Poaceae monocots or eudicots?
Monocots
Are Orchidaceae monocots or eudicots?
Monocots
