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Fundamentals of Plant Biology > Bryophytes > Flashcards

Bryophytes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two ways that bryophytes deal with water loss?

A

Avoid or tolerate

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2
Q

What adaptations are present in bryophytes for dealing with evaporation?

A

Biochemical adaptations. Thin cuticle

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3
Q

Why couldn’t bryophytes have a thick cuticle to deal with water loss?

A

They need to absorb water and dissolved nutrients over the surface since they don’t roots, and it would limit gas exchange

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4
Q

What supporting structures are present in bryophytes?

A

Rhizoids

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5
Q

Why is there a limit to how big bryophytes can get?

A

They rely on diffusion for water and nutrient transfer

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6
Q

How do bryophytes have mechanical support?

A

Turgor pressure

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7
Q

How do bryophytes disperse their gametes?

A

Sperm are motile and require water to swim through and reach the egg

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8
Q

How do bryophytes disperse their spores?

A

Wind or projectile mechanisms

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9
Q

Which generation is dominant in bryophytes?

A

Gametophyte

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10
Q

What are the 3 phyla in the bryophytes?

A

Phylum Hepatophyta - liverworts
Phylum Antocerophyta - hornworts
Phylum Bryophyta - mosses

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of liverwort gametophytes?

A

Morphology can be thalloid or leafy, separate male and female gametophytes

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12
Q

What are archegoniophores?

A

Structure that supports the female reproductive parts

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13
Q

What are antheridiophores?

A

Structure that supports the male reproductive parts

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14
Q

Are bryophytes homosporous or heterosporous?

A

Homosporous-ish. The spores all look the same but they have separate male and female gametophytes

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15
Q

How do liverworts spread their spores around?

A

Use elaters, which coil up and then fling the spores into the air when they get wet

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16
Q

What are the traits of the sporophyte in hornworts?

A

Tall, narrow, and horn-like. Grows slowly

17
Q

What are the traits of gametophyte in hornworts?

A

Thalloid, unicellular rhizoids

18
Q

How do you differentiate a liverwort from a hornwort?

A

The sporophyte. Liverworts also have multiple chloroplasts per cell and hornworts only have one chloroplast per cell

19
Q

What are the traits of the gametophyte in the mosses?

A

Leafy morphology, multicellular rhizoids. Has a “mop head” in the Sphagnidae

20
Q

What are the traits of the sporophyte in the mosses?

A

Parasitic, non-photosynthetic

21
Q

What is a protonema?

A

Thin strands of cells that grow into multiple gametophytes from the same spore

22
Q

What does the sporophyte look like in the Sphagnidae? How are spores dispersed?

A

The sporangium at the top is dark and round, and disperses spores through the explosive operculum mechanism. It pulls itself tight, creates pressure inside then explodes

23
Q

What are hydroids and leptoids?

A

Tissues found in the Bryidae that have similar functions to xylem and phloem, but are unrelated evolutionary

24
Q

Are the gametophytes produced by a protonema genetically identical or different?

A

Genetically identical, they all come from the same spore

25
Q

What does the sporophyte look like in the Bryidae?

A

The foot stays attached to the gametophyte, the seta is the “stem” and a capsule containing sporangium is at the top of seta. They aren’t photosynthetic. Spores are dispersed when the capsule dries out, so the peristome opens and releases the spores

26
Q

What are gemmae?

A

Asexual reproductive structures of bryophytes

27
Q

What is a thallus?

A

A simple gametophyte morphology structure that is flat, thin, and undifferentiated

28
Q

What is a rhizoid?

A

Anchoring structures that attach the bryophyte to the substrate, but don’t participate in water and nutrient absorption

29
Q

What is a capsule?

A

The sporangium of bryophytes

30
Q

What are gametophores?

A

The antheridiophores and archegoniophores

31
Q

What are gametangia?

A

Gamete producing structures. Antheridia and archegonia

Fundamentals of Plant Biology (25 decks)

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