Monilophytes

Question 1

What are the 3 groups in phylum Monilophyta?

Answer 1

Ferns, whiskferns, horsetails

Question 2

Are ferns homosporous or heteosporous?

Answer 2

Most are homosporous, a few groups are heterosporous

Question 3

What type of leaf do ferns have?

Answer 3

Megaphylls

Question 4

What is the stem in ferns?

Answer 4

Branching underground rhizome

Question 5

What is circinate vernation?

Answer 5

The fronds start out rolled up and unroll as they grow

Question 6

Since the leaves often look the same in fern species, how do we tell species apart?

Answer 6

The sori. Will have different patterns and colours depending on the species

Question 7

What are the traits of the gametophyte of ferns?

Answer 7

Photosynthetic and independent

Question 8

What are the traits of the sporophyte of ferns?

Answer 8

Dependent on the gametophyte for nutrition until it has its first roots and leaves. Much larger and longer lived

Question 9

Since they have no secondary growth, how are tree ferns (Cyatheales) able to grow so tall?

Answer 9

The trunk is formed by the rhizome surrounded by roots. The roots provide structural support

Question 10

Are horsetails homosporous or heterosporous?

Answer 10

Homosporous

Question 11

What are the characteristics of the stem of horsetails?

Answer 11

Jointed, hollow, photosynthetic, rough texture. Aboveground

Question 12

What are the characteristics of the leaves of horsetails?

Answer 12

Megaphylls, scale-like